What is stereo?




There are now two system of high fidelity, monophonic (monaural) and stereophonic. Monophonic is a system that starts from one microphone and is fed through a single high fidelity set. Stereophonic is a double system. Two separate microphones are placed at different sides of the orchestra and two different systems are used to keep the two signals or channels separated. Two separate speakers are used, placed on different sides of you room. Stereo is much like 3-D photography, two slightly different sound reach your ears giving you a new dimension in sound.




H.H. Scott '59





Pioneer SX-440

 The SX-440 is the latest in stereo receivers, made strictly for those who care a lot about stereo. It uses an FET in the FM front end to provide excellent selectivity, and sensitivity as high as 2,5 µV (IHF). The AM tuner section is equipped for ideal reception with a ferrite loop antenna. The audio-frequency output circuit is all silicon transistorized and employs the SEPP-OTL system. Music power output is at a dynamic 40 watts (IHF), with all this , the SX-440  will make a fine addition to your room and you'll discover qualities of sound you never know existed.
 FM Tuner Section
When choosing a good general-purpose stereo receiver careful inspection must first be made of the FM section. The reliability of the front end section is vital for perfect reproduction of FM monarual and stereo broadcasts. The FM front end of the SX-440 is about the best you can get - a combination of an FET and a three-gang variable capacitor. Even in areas where station crowding occurs the SX-440 delivers clear, interference-free reception. The high sensitivity (2,5µV ) is indicative of the superior FM performance of this receiver.

FM Multiplex Section
The advanced circuity of the SX-440 includes an FM multiplex section, time switching type, with automatic common, defeatable stereo functioning. Channel separation is more than 38 dB (at 1khz). Easy to read front dial has a lamp to indicate FM stereo performance.

AM Tuner Section
The superhoterodyne AM tuner has a receiving band of between 525 - 1605 kHz to equal the range of Am broadcasts. Sensitivity is 8µV, so it doesn't require an outdor antenna when in the vicinity of a station; the SX-440 has an adeguate ferrite loop stick bar antenna to pick up most any AM broadcasts.
 Audio Section
The SEPP-OTL system is used in the advanced audio output circuit. This gives it an output of 40 watts, perfect for home use and with powerful stereo separation.

Complete Terminal Facilities
With the SX-440 you can  add a complete stereo system from the selection of terminals provided. It combines ideally with tthe best quality record players, stereo tape recorders and reverbration amplifiers, with all terminals conveniently located, plus a set of auxiliary input terminals. For tape deck versatility, a tape monitor circuit and tape recording/playback jack to DIN standards are provided. You can ever connect two separate loudspeaker systems through this practical receiver.

Elegant and Unique Design
The midnight black front panel is finished with special acrylic resin over the entire surface, giving the SX-440 a sophisticated durable lustre. Power switch-on brings out subdued illumination for crystal-clear readings. Take a look at  the SX-440 and you'll agree it's the smartest set ever. 
Specifications
Audio Section
Circuity Type:  Single ended pus-pull
Music Power Output (IHF):
40 watts at 4 Ω total
33 watts at 8 Ω total
RMS Rated Power Output:
15 watts per channel at 4 Ω (both channel driven)
12 watts per channel at 8 Ω (both channel driven)
Harmonic Distortion:  less than 1% (at 1khz rated output)
Frequency Response:  20 Hz to 20 kHz ±3 dB
Channel Separation (at rated output):
Phono : 69 dB
Aux : 50 dB
Power bandwidth:  30 Hz to 20 kHz (Aux0
Hum and Noise: 
Mag : better than 75 dB
Aux : better than 85 dB
Inputs Sensistivity:
Magnetic Phono : 3 mV
Tape Monitor : 130 mV
Aux : 130 mV
Recording Output:  230 mV (DIN)
Output Terminals and jacks:
Speakers : 4 - 16 Ω
Stereo headphone Jack,
Simultaneous tae recording jacks, equipped with Tape Monitor switch
Tape recording/playback jack (DIN Standards)
Damping Factor:  25 (at 8 Ω)
Speaker Selector Switch:  A or B speakers
Equalization Curve:  Phono RIAA Standards
Tone Controls (each channel): 
Bass  : boost 13 dB , cut 11 dB (at 50 Hz)
Treble : boost 9,5 dB, cut 10 dB (at 10 kHz)
Loudness Contour:  Switchable to On -Off, boost 12 dB at 50 Hz, boost 6 dB at 10 kHz, with Volume control set at -40 dB
FM Tuner Section
Circuitry:  Front end using FET and 3-gang variable capacitor
Frequency Range:  87 - 108 MHz
Frequency Resppnse:  24 - 20,000 Hz +0,5 -3 dB
IHF Usable Sensitivity:  2,5 µV
Harmonic Distortion:  0,4%
Image Rejection:  55 dB (at 98 MHz)
Cross Modulation Rejection:  96 dB
Signal-to-Noise ratio:  50 dB (IHF)
Antenna Input:  300 Ω (balanced)
Multiplex Section
Circuitry:  Envelope detection type de-modulator, Stereo/Mono Common, Defeatable Stereo Functioning
Channel Separation:  35 dB (at 1 kHz)
AM Tuner Section
Circuitry:  Superheterodyne
Frequency Range:  525 - 1605 kHz
IHF usable Sensitivity:  8µV
Image Rejection:  47 dB (at 1000 kHz)
Antenna Input Power:  Built-in Ferrite loopstic Antenna
General Section
Power Supply:  110, 117, 130, 220, 240 volts (switchable), 50/60 Hz
Power Consumption:  60 watts max
Dimensions (W x H x D):  405 x 139 x 358 mm (15-15/16" x 5-7/15" x 15")

Eight:  8 kg (17-5/8 lbs) net

Yamaha NS-1000 M Monitor

 Transparency and The Dome.
Existing technology has largely solved a major problem of speaker design through the use of the acoustic suspension driver; extended frequency response.  Today, what's missing from most sound in most people's living rooms is something a touch more suble.  It's called transparency.
The hemispheric dome tweeter allows a wider dispersion of high frequencies.
But the dome's own material weight causes it to lag behind the input signal. It simply doesn't respond fast enough, creating an opaque, masked sound that lacks fine detail and definition.  The ideal dome material for midrange and high frequency drivers would be extremely rigid and, most importantly, virtually weightless.

Introducing the Beryllium Dome.
Why did it take so long?  After all, beryllium is the lightest, and most rigid metal known, and has a sound propagation velocity twice that of commonly used aluminum.
Beryllium is lighter and stronger and propagates sound better than other metals.
But because of beryllium's inherent characteristics, it resisted attempts by any manufacturer to form it into a diaphragm, let alone a dome.  Until now.
The new Yamaha Beryllium Dome, formed by Yamaha's unique vacuum deposition process, is lighter than any other speaker diaphragm found today. So it's more responsive to direction changes in amplitude and frequency of the input signal.  This is called transparency. It can be noticed best in complex musical passages and can be best described as highly defined and finely detailed.  Only Yamaha has it.
 Midrange - The Voice of Your Speaker.
It's no secret that between 500 Hz and 6 kHz is where most audible differences in speakers occur.  It's where we hear the human voice, and it is the hardest part of the frequency spectrum to reproduce accurately.
Once again, berylium solves the problem of uneven response. Since it's so lightweight the dome can be made larger and lighter than before possible for a midrange driver. It extends the linear portion of its response curve.
The midrange driver's frequency response is so wide that we can select only the choice flat section of its frequency response, thereby eliminating the peaks and valleys most competitors are forced to use.
The beryllium Dome creates simply the flattest response; least colored, most natural sounding midrange of any speaker around.  Carefully designed acoustic equlizers flatten the frequency response curve further.
The NS-1000M Monitor is so accurate that you may even hear enhanced detail in a recording you once thought already perfect.

Re-thinking the Woofer.
Some respected speaker manufacturers buy their low frequency drivers wholesale.  Yamaha doesn't buy them. We make them.
Even the very cone material itself was researched and developed and manufactured specially by Yamaha. (Its' made much more dense than most cones. That means a tighter cleaner sound.) And the frame is cast in our own foundry so we can control quality.
A plucked string of a bass sounds like a plucked string bass note. Instead of a dull thud.
 The Tangential Edge and Other Extras.
Yamaha designed a special suspension system that holds the beryllium dome to the speaker frame with less contact allowing it to move more freely. It's called the Tangential Edge. (you may not hear the difference at first, but you will.)
The crossover system was specially designed to have  a very low DC resistance, increasing the system efficiency.
Most highly accurate systems need a large amp to drive them properly. The NS-1000M Monitor requires only 15 watts RMS to fill an average room with loud music, yet can handle RMS power output exceeding 100 watts.

By Our own skilled Hands.
Yamaha's philosphy is one of self-reliance.
That's why, for example, we build the critical speaker components ( like cone materials and speaker baskets) rather than purchase them.  That includes the speaker enclosure made from material designed for anti-resonance characteristics. (our piano making experience was essential here.)  There are enough speaker system modifications and copies around already.  This is something original.

Proudly presenting the NS-1000M.
It's not inexpensive or easy to find.  The NS-1000M is sold as right and left-hand units, and by the pair only.
Yamaha is making them as fast as we can,but you may have to wait a short while until your Yamaha Audio Dealer has a pair for you to audition. (he also features Yamaha speaker s based on the same techno;logy and quality at less money.)  pateince, please.

Part of the Yamaha system.
The NS-1000M Monitor is the ultimate air suspension speaker system.  That is a strong claim to make. In the future, Yamaha will present the ultimate power amplifier, tuner, preamplifier and turntable.
Actually advancing the state-of-the-art. Of the major components of a music reproduction system.
In short, the ultimate system.  We're convinced that no matter what you think is the best today, we'll make you dissatisfied with it. Don't say we didn't warn you.
Specifications
Maximum Input capacity:  100 W
Sound Pressure Level:  90 dB/W/m
Frequency Response:  40 - 20,000 Hz
Drivers units:
Tweeter : 30 mm beryllium dome
Midrange : 88 mm beryllium dome
Woofer : 300 mm cone
Dimensions (H x W x D):  675 x 375 x 326 mm
Weight:  31 kg
Finish:  Satin Black
Also available deluxe model NS-1000
Dimensions (H x W x D):  710 x 395 x 349 mm
Weight:  39 kg

Finish:  Ebony cabinet

Thorens TD 280

 Features
Friction free velocity-sensing electronic shut-off
Precision tone arm TP 28 ES
Radius dependent compensation of the skating force
Clean and uncoloured sound
 The Thorens TD 280 turntable is driven by a two-phase 24-pole synnchronous motor. Its vibration level is so low that it made the use of a suspended chassis unnecessary - a feature otherwise typical for Thorens turntables - and yet the weighted rumble exceeds 70 dB.
The design of the TD 280 turntable makes it largely insensitive to shocks, even under adverse conditions such as swinging floors in old houses.

The Thorens belt drive.
Every electric motor produces a certain amount of vibrations. When the motor drives the turntable by means of a rubber belt, the natural elasticity of the belt prevents most motor vibrations from reaching the platter and, therefore, the pick-up stylus. In many decades of continuous development. Thorens has reduced the very few disadvantages of belt drive to an absolute minimum and has brought it to a level of technical perfection which is not approached by any other system known today.
The main objectives of Thorens engineers remain unchanged: robustness, reliability and life-time maintenance of the original performance specification.
 The Thorens Suspension.
Every turntable must be damped by a suspension system to prevent the sensitive pick-up from environmental vibration and from acoustic feedback.  The suspension elements must have a specific damping factor.
On the TD 280 turntable, the springs with their damping elements are integrated into the feet of the chassis.
The whole mass of the complete turntable works as part of an efficient filter system against all undesired resonances.
 Friction-free velocity-sensing electronic shutt-off.
As the lead-out grooves of records show a higher pitch - i.e. the grooves are further apart from one another - the tone arm motional  speed increasas towards the center of the platter. An electronic circuit picks up the signal produced by the change in the tone arm velocity and commands the motor to stop. The precision associated with Thorens turntables is further emphasised here, since the activation of the auto stop process is not position sensitive, but fully electronic and friction free.
The Thorens automatic stop system also enables the operator to cue with studio precision at any point on a disc, even at the very centre.
Another circuit prevents the activation of the auto-stop process when the tone arm is moved by hand over the disc surface.

Specifications TD 280
Drive System:  1 step belt drive
Motor:  Low voltage 24 pole synchronous motor
Speeds:  33 and 45 RPM, electronic speed selection
Motor Speed Control:  2 phase generator for synchronous control
Turntable Platter:  1,2 kg zinc alloy, dynamically balanced
Platter Diameter:  300 mm (12")
Wow and Flutter (DIN 45507):  ≤ 0,045%
Rumble unweighted (DIN 45539):  > 48 dB
Rumble weighted (DIN 455539):  > 70 dB
Power Requirements:  17 V max. 140 mA
Mains Voltage:  may be connected to any line voltage and frequency using the appropiate Thorens AC adapter
Power Consumption:  5 Watt
Dimensions (W x H x D):  440 x 135 x 355 mm (cover closed)
Height with cover open:  430 mm
Weight:  7,5 kg

Thorens TP 28 ES

 TP 28 ES tone arm.
For optimum in tracking abillity, a tone arm must have a low bearing friction, hence the use of pivot bearings on the TP 28 ES. The mass of every tone arm forms a resonent system together with the compliance of the pick-up cartridge. Such tone arm mass must thus be carefully selected in view to keep the resonance frequency of the system within definite limits, i.e. between 7 and 12 Hz as taught by experience.
These limits are respected by the Thorens TP 28 ES tone arm in combination with nearly all available cartridges.

 The TP 28 ES is a straight arm and not S-shaped. The necessary offset angle is independent of the arm shape. A special surface treatment of the tone arm tube absorbs all undesirable resonances of the tone arm.
It will optimise ideally with almost every cartridge.

 Specifications TP 28 ES tone arm
Effective Length:  232 mm
Effective Mass:  12,5 g
Stylus Overhang:  16,4 mm adjustable
Offset single:  23°
Lateral Tracking Error:  ≤ 0,18°/cm of radius
Skating-compensation:  by calibrated spring
Tracking Force:  Graduation scale on counterweight
Bearing Friction:  ≤ 0,25 mN  (25mp) in both planes
Cartridge Mounting:  Standard ½"
Capacitance of cable:  150 pF

Luxman L-3

 Luxma L-3 is a solid state stereo integrated amplifier. The L-3 was so designed as to offer diverisfied facilities, while retaing the slim, precision-look common to our prestigeous line of "laboratory Reference Sries" and "Laboratory Standard Series"

Totally direct-coupled amplifier circuitry at the power amp section with dual rail power supply offers a high damping factor at the ultra bass range to ensure efficient driving of loudspeakers. To reduce the crossover distortion down to the minimum level, a through complementary configuration is employed at the output stage by means of PNP and NPN transistors, while the driver transistors have extremely good heat-dissipation to ensure high dependability. Transistors having high cut-off frequency are used in the driver stage to help reduce distortion in the treble range.
 Specialy selected low noise transistors and resistors in conjunction with low leakage type electrolytic capacitors realize good S/N ratio.

The 2-stage equalizer amps using PNP and NPN transistors not only offer outstanding linearity but handle sufficiently high input voltage (150 mV, 1khz, RMS)

LUX's well-known NF type tone controls are provided independently for both right and left channels and make it possible to tailor reproduced sound according to your own state. At the center-click point a true flat frequency response is obtained. A high-cut filter is provided to remove unpleasant tape hiss, disc scratchnoise etc., while subsonic filter is useful to get rid of all the bad effects of turntable rumble and infrasonic disc noise.. A loudness control is employed for proper compensation at low level of listening. 2 pairs of tape monitor circuits permit dubbing from one tape to another.
The speaker selector allows you to drive either A and B speakers separately or both of them simultaneously.
 Styling of L-3
A truly high quality precision image was achieved in this audio component thanks to its meticulous finish of totally metallic structure. Aluminium extruded front panel provides an optimum match with the elegant case and precision metalic knobs. The exhaustive study of human engineering is reflected in the placement of the various knobs and controls for easiest and most logical operation.


Additional Features
Dual Tape Monitor and dual Tape Dubbing.
Loudnes Control and Mode Selector.
Speaker Selector (A, B, A+B, OFF)
Extra AC Outlets (Switched, Unswitched)
DIN Connector (E Type, S Type only)

Specifications
Power Output:  42W/42W (8 Ω , both channels driven)
Total Harmonic Distortion:  no more than 0,03% (8 Ω , both channels driven)
Rated I.M.:  no more than 0,05% (8 Ω, 42W/ch, 60 Hz : 7 kHz =4 :1)
Frequency Response:  15 Hz - 60 kHz (within -1 dB)
Input Sensitivity/Impedance:
Phono : 2,5 mV/50 k Ω
Tuner : 145 mV/50 k Ω
Aux : 145 mV/50 k Ω
Monitor 1, 2 : 145 mV/50 k Ω
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (Input short-circuited):
Phono : better than 84 dB (IHF-A weighted, 10 mV)
Tuner : better than 90 dB (IHF-A weighted)
Aux : better than 90 dB (IHF-A weighted)
Monitor 1, 2 : better than 90 dB (IHF-A weighted)
Residual Noise: no more than 1 mV
Tone Control:  Lux NF type (100 Hz ±11 dB, 10 kHz ±10 dB)
Filter:
High Cut : 7 kHz (-6dB/oct.)
Subsonic : 25 kHz (-6dB/oct.)
Channel Separation:
Phono : better than 60 dB
Aux : better than 70 dB
Power Supply: 110 - 120 V, 220 -240 V 50/60 Hz
Dimensions (W x H xD):  438 x 105 x 289 mm (17¼" x 4" x 11")
Weight:  8 kg (17,6 lbs) net

Akai CS-30D

 Cassette Stereo Tape Deck Akai CS-30D
The CS-30D combines traditional Akai quality and exceptional performance with a surprisingly low price. Outstanding features include Digital Tape Couter, tape Selector Switch, Tape Run Lamp, and large Dual VU Meters that are raised for your convenience. If you've been searching for your forst cassette stereo tape deck … look no further than the new CS-30D from Akai.

Specifications
Tape Speed: 1-7/8 ips
Wow and Flutter:  less than 0,15% RMS
Frequency Response:  40 -15,000 Hz (using chromium dioxide tape)
Distortion:  less than 2% (1000 Hz "0" VU)
Signal-to-Noise ratio:  better than 46 dB
Motor:  Induction Type Motor
Dimensions (W x H x D):  409 x 127 x 221 mm (16,1" x 5" x 8,7")
Weight:  4,6 kg (10,1 lbs)

Akai CS-33D


Cassette stereo Tape Deck Akai CS-33D
  Dolby system means a better sounding cassette deck, and now for surprisingly little, Akai's new CS-33D gives yu a built-in Dolby circuit. Plus other exciting features like a Digital Tape Counter, Tape Selector Switch (for utilization of new low noise tapes), Tape Run lamp, and two conveniently raised VU meters. Akai makes innovations cost less.

Specifications
Tape Speed: 1-7/8 ips
Wow and Flutter:  less than 0,15% RMS
Frequency Response:  40 -15,000 Hz (using chromium dioxide tape)
Distortion:  less than 2% (1000 Hz "0" VU)
Signal-to-Noise ratio:  better than 56 dB with Dolby
Motor:  Induction Type Motor
Dimensions (W x H x D):  16,1" x 5" x 8,7"
Weight:  10,1 lbs

Tandberg TCD 300

 The Tandberg Series TCD 300 (1972) Stereo is an entirely new cassette tape deck which meets the specifications set forth in DIN standard 45500 for high fidelity equipment to full satisfaction.  Designed and manufactured at the Tandberg Radiofabrikk in Norway, Series TCD 300 meets the stringent quality requirements imposed on all Tandberg tape machines.

Specially Features:
Complies with high fidelity specifications set forth DIN 45500 Standard.
Hot pressed ferrite heads.
Dolby noise reduction system.
3 motors provide fast forward/rewind and precise record/playback.
Hysteresis synchronous drive motor.
Dual capstan closed loop ensures ideal tape handling and maximum stability.
Two illuminated peak reading equalized recording and playback indicators.
Minimum wow and flutter.
Low Noise/CrO₂ Tape Switch.
Electronic Controls.
Microphone preamplifiers.
Linear motion potentiometers for input levels.
Automatic  end-stop.
Wall mountable and horizontal or vertical use.
 Dual Capstan Closed Loop Tape Drive
This special tape handling system proides two capstan/pinch-roller systems that determine the position and orientation of the tape relative to the sound heads. This system ensures absolutely stable tape handling as well as minimum wow and flutter. Best possible results are obtained even with worn cassettes.

Three Motors
The Tandberg Series TCD 300 has three motors; one hysteresis synchronous motor and two Dc reel motors. The 2 separate winding motors make it possible to reduce the full-length winding time for a C60 cassette to about 40 seconds.
The tape handling mechanism feature rugged design and construction to assure excellent stability and reliability. Motors turn off automatically at end of tape for both recording/playback and fast forward/rewind, and the pinch rollrs disengage tape. This eliminates risk that the tape will remain under pressure or in tension while the tape deck is not in use, and thereby riun the cassette.
 Sound Heads
Because the sound heads used in Series TCD 300 are made of hot-pressed ferrite they can be guaranteed against wear throughout the service life of the tape deck.

Dolby System
The Tandberg TCD 300 Stereo features a built-in Dolby noise reduction system. This system reduces tape noise by about 10 dB relative to conventional systems and enables the Series TCD 300 to satisfy the signal/noise ratio requirements set forth in DIN 45500 standard. The Dolby system is of special importance in a cassette tape machine for four reasons: tape noise is high,  tape are narrow, magnetic coatings are thin and tape speed is low. The Dolby system can be switched on and off.

Peak Reading Metters
Series TCD 300 is provided with peak reading meters that show peak recording levels. Levels are regulated with a linear motion potentiometer. These meters also show the level of the pplayback signal.

"Spec. Tape" Switch
The Tandberg Series TCD 300 is compatible with the most modern types of tape. This two-position selector switch can be set either for low noise, high output (LH) tape and for chromium dioxide (CrO₂) tape.  CrO₂ switch position makes all four adjustment necessary for optimum recording with this kind of tape; record equalization, record bias, play equalization and erase current.

Specifications
Tape Speed:  1-7/8"  / sec. (Speed Accuracy ±1%)
Frequency Response:
LH ; 30 - 15,000 Hz
CrO₂ : 30 - 16,000 Hz
Signal-to-Noise Ratio:
LH Tape, Normal Position/with DOLBY :
51 / 59 dB (IEC A-curve,3% THD)
48 / 52 dB (IEC Linear RMS, 3% THD)
45 / 53 dB (DIN 45511 unweighted)
45 / 50 dB (DIN 45511 weighted)
 CrO₂ Tape, Normal Position/ with DOLBY
54 / 62 dB (IEC A-curve,3% THD)
50 / 52 dB (IEC Linear RMS, 3% THD)
48 / 56 dB (DIN 45511 unweighted)
48 / 50 dB (DIN 45511 weighted)
Wow and Flutter:  0,15% WRMS
Crosstalk Attenuation (by 1 kHz):
Side 1 -Side 2 : better than 60 dB
Track 1 - Track 2 : better than 35 db
Total Harmonic Distortion:
From Rec Amp (by 0 dB impact) : less than 0.5%
From Playback Amp (by 0,775 V) : less than 0.3%
From Tape ( by 0 dB rec level) : less than 3.0%
Inputs Sensitivity/Impedance:
Amplifier, Tuner : 8 mV/47 k Ω (Max. Input by 400 Hz : 0,8V)
Yape In : 40 mV/100 k Ω (max. Input by 400 Hz : 4 V)
Microphones : 0,1 mV/ * (Max. Input by 400 Hz : 10 mV)
(* Impedance customized dynamic microphone with an impedance lower than 700 Ω)
Outputs Impedance/ Voltage (Tape Out and Amplifier/Radio in parallel): 10 k Ω/0,775 V (unloaded)
Semiconductors:  47 Transistors; 2 FETs
General
Power Requirements:  230 V, 50 Hz
Power Consumption: 34 W
Dimensions (W x H x D):  430 x 105 x 230 mm (16-7/8" x 4-1/8" x 9-1/14")
Weight: 6,5 kg (14,5 lbs)
Finish Cabinet:  teak, rosewood or oak

KEF Model 102 Reference Series


 Since the earliest days of high quality sound reproduction, there has existed, in professional and domestic fields, the need for compact speaker systems capable of very high quality sound. Many such speakers exist but, until now, these have generally invoived unacceptable restrictions either of sensitivity, bass extension or maximum loudness capability. The new KEF Model 102, with KUBE active low-level equaliser has changed all that. For Model 102 is an ultra compact speaker system that is efficient, easy to drive, and has bass extension to 40 Hz (-6 dB, Q=0.5) with a maximum spl of 107 dB. It is the ideal model for locations where space is at a premium. Physically very compact it may be, but KEF's advanced "hybrid" dividing network technique comos into its own, creating the character of a full size design, with little compromise in power handlong, sensitivity or loudness capabililty. Model 102 is the smallest of the new Reference Series loudspeakers.

Model 102 uses a newly developed 6" (160 mm) bass/midrange driver with a polypropylene cone. Even when operated with KUBE in "bass Extend" mode, this unit has more than enough power handling capability allied to the traditional KEF virtue of low coloruation, to give life-like reproduction on all types of programme.

High frequencies are handled by the refined, ferro-fluid cooled T33 high-frequency unit, also high in sensitivity and power handling, which features in most of the reference Series models, including the new top-of-the-line Model 107.

 Model 102 is supplied complete with its own dedicated version of the KEF KUBE low-level equalisation system. This provides unusually extended low-frequency reproduction without the ususl reduction in sensitivity normally associated wwith passive systems of this size. KUBE offers the user an additional, important benefit. It gives him the freedom to site the loudspeaker wherever it is most convenient using KUBE's Contour control to achieve a natural balance, compensating for room boundary reinforcement effects by adjusting the level of bass output reletive midrange and high-frequency.
 As in alll KEF's hybrid crossover designs, KUBE provides active system response shaping theraby maximising the system's sensitivity and dynamic range. The passive network, within the loudspeaker enclosure, divides the incoming signal between the two drive units; "conjugate" load matching ensures that the impedance seen by the amplifier is entirely resistive and easy to drive at all frequencies, so extending the usable power output of even the most modestly specified amplifier. All components used in the dividing network have very high power handling capability ensuring linearity even at high levels, with low distortion throughout.
 Cabinet coloration is a major problem with all loudspeakers. Advanced computer modal analysis techniques have been used to develop an enclosure which minimises unwanted panel vibrations.
The Reference Series Model 102 has unusually wide bandwidth for its size allied to good sensitivity.
Cabinet veneers are in real wood; drive units,components and finished networks are all carefully matched in pairs prior to assembly, all drive unit and system data being stored on computer. This database enables future service replacements which precisely match the original performance, to be selected if required. Model 102's ability to go loud and sound "big" must be hear to be appreciated.
Model 102 is an impressive, near universal, all-rounder; it also just happens to be usefully small.

Specifications Model 102
Frequency Response:  65 - 20,000 Hz, ±2 dB at 2 m ref axis (-6 dB at 40 Hz, Q=0.5)
Directional Characteristics:  Within 2 dB of response on axis up to 15 kHz for ± 10° vertically, up to 10 kHz ±30° horizontally.
Maximum Output:  107 dB spl on programme peeks under typical listening conditions.
Enclosure Volume:  10,5 litres
Amplifier Requirements:  Suitable for use with amplifiers capable of providing between 50 and 200 W into 4 Ω resistive load.
Nominal Impedance: 4 Ω, resistive 200 Hz - 20 kHz
Characteristic Sensitivity Level:  92 dB spl at 1m on reference axis for pink noise input of 2,83 Vrms band limited 50 Hz - 20 kHz (anechoic conditions)
Angle of Reference:  0° from horizontal
Height of Origin of Reference Axis:  200 mm (7.9") above base of cabinet (not including feet)
Dimensions (h x W x d):  330 x 208 x 263 mm (13" x 8,2" x 10,3")
Weight:  6,8 kg (15 lbs)

Specifications KUBE
Type:  Active equaliser
Controls: 
Contour : Continuously variable shelf control allows boost or attenuation below c. 200 Hz
Extension : Push button control allows -6 dB point to be set to 40 Hz or 60 Hz. Q factor = 0.5
Tape Monitor : push button controls tape input/output via rear sockets
Rear Panel Connections:  Signal Input/Output and Tape Input/Output via gold plated phono (RCA) sockets
Input Impedance:  51 k Ω
Source Impedance:  100 Ω
Signal-to-Noise Ratio:  95 dB ref 1V rms
Power Supply: Factory set nominal 110 or 220 V 50/60 Hz
Dimensions (h x w x d):  52 x 100 x 140 mm (2" x 3,9" x 5,5")
Weight:  0,5 kg (1,1 lbs)

Infinity InfiniTesimal RS 0.1


 InfiniTesimal Series 2-way speaker, introduced in 1978, discontinued 1980.
Infinity makes  a small contribution to the state of the art..
Here is everything you'd expect from Infinity - except the size.
 The unparalleled clarity and overall balance of our larger speakers. The delicate sheen and vibrant body of a well-rosined bow on a robust cello. The tight snap of a rock bass drum. Inner details you never heard before from a favorite symphony.
All this from 11 by 6 by 5 inches.
Our Infinity/Watkins dual-voice-coil woofer has unique advantages in a small enclosure. It allows greater bass extension, and lets your amplifier make more productive musical use of its power at low frequencies. The polypropylene cone enables the woofer to range further into the middle frequencies with accuracy.


Specifications:
Power Rating:  15 to 100 watts RMS
Frequency Response:  65 to 32,000 Hz ±2 dB
Nominal Impedance: 4 Ω
Crossover Frequency:  3,000 Hz
Drivers:
1 x EMIT  (Electro Magnetic Induction Tweeter), rotatable tweeter
1 x 5" Infinity/Watkins Dual-drive woofer with polypropylene cone
Dimensions (h x w x d):  280 x 160 x 130mm (11" x 6 ¼" x 5 ¼")
Finish:  Black-finish aluminum and solid oak with perforated black aluminum grille.
Optional:  Black metal bracket kit.

Acoustic Research AR EB-101

 Both turntables are belt driven and offer 33and 45 rpm speeds, changed simply by manually moving the belt. Each comes with a non-resonant acrylic dust cover.
The EB-101 uses a vinyl-covered particle board plinth and combines a superb sonic performance with a very smart appearance at a highly affordable price.
 The  turntable can be fitted with alternative tone arms using optional AR adaptors, but we designed the AR tone arms to work optimally with the EB-101. Their rigid, low-resonance construction, close tolerance, play-free bearings and lockable counterweight ensure minimal losses and a fine sound.
So, what can you expect from AR EB-101 turntable? Music, clear, tuneful, and enjoyable. Nothing more, nothing less. This turntable reveal a clarity of bass and a finely focused yet natural sound that allows you to follow the music with ease.
Turntable are covered by the comprehensive AR warranty -  one year for the EB-101 and AR tonearms.
At AR we put the same care into building all our products, ensuring that your musical enjoyment will contiune for a long time to come.

Specifications
Drive System:  Belt drive
Motor:  12-pole synchronous motor; 500 rpm at 50 Hz, 600 rpm at 60 Hz
Speeds:  33 1/3 and 45 rpm
Plater:  1,8 kg (3,9 lbs)
Suspensions:  Arm and platter on fully isolated sub-chassis formed by pressed-steel "T" bar, spring-suspended and damped at three points.
Wow and Flutter:  0,05% (DIN 45507)
Rumble:  -72 dB (DIN 45539B)
Mains Voltage:  110- 120V 220 -240V, 50/60 Hz
Power Consupmtion:  9 watts
Dimensions (W x D x H):  442 x 375 x 180 mm (17¾" x 14¾" x 7')
Tone arms
Effective lenght:  229 mm
Overhang:  16 mm
Friction:  less than 30 mg horizontal or vertical
Effective mass: 12 grams
Cartridge weight range:  3- 9 grams
Tracking force range:  0,5 - 3 grams
Headshell:  Fixed or plug-in aluminium die-casting

Acoustic Research AR Turntable "Legend"

 From many years Acoustic Research revolutionised record players by designing our own. It was the world's first belt-driven suspended-subchassis turntable and 'sounded' better than others, long before the hi-fi fraternity appreciated such things.
Years ahead of its time, in concept and performance, it formed the model which was to be emulated the world over. Both turntables are belt driven and offer 33and 45 rpm speeds, changed simply by manually moving the belt. Each comes with a non-resonant acrylic dust cover.
The EB-101 uses a vinyl-covered particle board plinth and combines a superb sonic performance with a very smart appearance at a highly affordable price.
And AR's solutions still hold true.
That's why, when we re-designed and re-launched our turntable as the Legend it became an instant success with Audio critics the world over.
But it's not magic which makes the unique AR sound. That's down to engineering - Acoustic Research style. We place a lot of emphasis on lostening tests to achieve optimum reproduction of music's  timbres, rhytms, textures and nuances. In short, we aimed for listener involvement and satisfaction. Though we place a high priority on listening tests we use the very latest digital test equipment to track down and eliminate any unwanted to track down and eliminate any unwanted vibrations which can interfere with the music.

Both of our current turntables work on the same principles, even the lower-cost EB-101. They incorporate high-quality components:  heavy cast, two-piece platters for spedd stability, close tolerance main  bearings for overall sound precision and bass clarity and carefully designed, slightly different, suspension systems to eliminate the music muddling effects of acoustic feedback.


Specifications
Drive System:  Belt drive
Motor:  24-pole synchronous motor; 250 rpm at 50 Hz, 300 rpm at 60 Hz
Speeds:  33 1/3 and 45 rpm
Plater:  1,8 kg (3,9 lbs)
Suspensions:  Arm and platter on fully isolated sub-chassis formed by three point spring-suspended and damped die-cast "T" bar.
Wow and Flutter:  0,04% (DIN 45507)
Rumble:  -73 dB (DIN 45539B)
Mains Voltage:  110- 120V 220 -240V, 50/60 Hz
Power Consupmtion:  9 watts
Dimensions (W x D x H):  462 x 387 x 179 mm (18¼" x 15¼ " x 7")
Tone arms
Effective lenght:  229 mm
Overhang:  15 mm
Friction:  less than 20 mg horizontal or vertical
Effective mass: 14 grams
Cartridge weight range:  3- 11 grams
Tracking force range:  0 - 3 grams
Lead and arm capacitance:  85 pF
Headshell:  Integral die-cast aluminium