What is stereo?




There are now two system of high fidelity, monophonic (monaural) and stereophonic. Monophonic is a system that starts from one microphone and is fed through a single high fidelity set. Stereophonic is a double system. Two separate microphones are placed at different sides of the orchestra and two different systems are used to keep the two signals or channels separated. Two separate speakers are used, placed on different sides of you room. Stereo is much like 3-D photography, two slightly different sound reach your ears giving you a new dimension in sound.




H.H. Scott '59





Tandberg Huldra 10

 Huldra, a leading model with a name full of tradition in the Norwegian radio industry. This is the tenth model bearing this illustrious name: 6 wavebands; powerful stereo amplifier and many refinements making it a very advanced receiver. The  Huldra is a top quality product.
 Features:
FM, longwave, mediumwave, and 3 shortwave bands;
Large, open-scale;
FM stereo decoder;
Pre-tuning for 4 FM stations;
FM muting;
FM receiver with MOSFET transistors, 4-pole ceramic filters and integrated circuits;
AM receiver with MOSFET input stage;
Stereo power amplifier with 2 x 25 watts sine wave output power in 8 ohms;
Frequency/Loudness compesated volume control;
High and Low filters;
Connections for a record player (magnetic or ceramic pick-up) anda tape recorder. In addition connection for an extra programme source;
Front output for stereo headphones.
 The FM Receiver
The most important characteristic with a receiver is good sensitivity. The FM receiver in the Huldra is based on field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) and integrated circuits; these ensure very good sensitivity and at the same time provide good protection against strong, interfering, nearby stations. The receiver also includes new ceramic filters providing good selectivity and low distortion. The stereo decoder has integrated circuits with a phase-locked-loop oscilator which gives high channel separation and low distortion with reproduction of stereo transmissions. With the two tuning meters it is easy to tune in the stations precisely.
 The AM Receiver
The 3 shortwave bands cover the entire international shortwave spectrum. There is a built-in antenna for longwaves and mediumwaves. In addition the receiver has special features; six tuned circuits in the intermediate frequency amplifier provide good selectivity. Field-effect transistors also play their part in the AM receiver. The Huldra 10 has such good sensitivity that even very weak stations can be pulled in, but it also tolerates signal from strong stations. A special filter reduces disturbing whistles caused by adjacent stations.
 Power Amplifier Section
There are many advanced refinements that go towards making Huldra a special receiver. The power amplifier, for example, has a fully complementary output stage giving very low crossover distortion - clean sound. An "electronic protection circuit" prevents damage if the loudspeakers should be accidentally short-circuited. There is a balance control and common volume control for both channels. The loudness compensation on the volume control can be disconnected.
Huldra 10 has two very good filters (High and Low) that reduce noise from programme sources (hiss or rumble). The pre-amplifier is corrected for a magnetic pick-up, (RIAA) with a switch for adjustment for a ceramic pick-up.
Recommended loudspeakers for the Huldra
There are three Tandberg speakers particularly suitable for the high quality amplifier in the Huldra 10. first we recommend the TL-2520, a 3-way 25 litre hi-fi system giving excellent reproduction from 45 to 20,000 Hz. An alternative is a larger model, the TL-3520.
Specifications
Amplifier Section
Output Power
Per channel, sine wave, with 1 kHz in 8 Ω (4 Ω):  28 W (38 W) Both channels driven simultaneously DIN 45500
Per channel , sine wave, from 20 to 20,000 Hz in 8 Ω:  25 W   Both channels driven simultaneously. 0,3% Distortion
Distortion (with output power 1 dB below nominal and lower at 1 kHz in 8 Ω (4 Ω):  0,1% (0,15%)
Intermodulation (according to DIN 45 500):  0,6%
Damping Factor (nominal output power in 8 Ω (4 Ω):  60 (35) 20-20,000 Hz
Frequency Response (from linear inputs (-15 dB): 15 - 50,000 Hz
Channel Separation (at 1 kHz minimum):  60 dB
Tone Controls: 
Treble  Control at 10 kHz : ±15 dB
Frequenzy/Loudness at 10 kHz : +7 dB
Bass Control at 50 Hz : ±16 Hz
Frequency/Loudness at 50 Hz : +12 dB
Low Filter -12 dB/oct, -3 dB at 75 Hz
High Filter  -12 dB/octave, -3 dB at 7 000 Hz
Input Sensitivity (nominal  output power in 8 Ω):
Tape 1 : 280 mV
Tape 2 (Extra) : 280 mV
Phono 1  Magn. (cer) : 2,4 - (72 mV)
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (2x50W in 8 Ω according to DIN 45 500):
Tape 1 : 60 dB
Tape 2 (Extra) : 60 dB
Phono 1 : 60 dB
Tuner FM Section
Wave Band:  87,5 - 108 MHz
Frequency Response (-3dB):  20 - 15,000 Hz
Sensitivity in Mono (for 26 dB S/N according to DIN 45 500 with 75/300 Ω aerial impedance):  0,8 µV/1,6 µV
Sensitivity in Stereo (for 46 dB S/N according to DIN 45 500 with 75/300 Ω aerial impedance):  20 µV/40 µV
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (with 1 mV aerial voltage):
Unweighted (according to IHF),  Stereo/Mono : 66/68 dB
Weighted (according to DIN), Stereo/Mono : 54/58 dB
Unweighted (according to DIN) , Stereo/Mono : 61/63 dB
Distortion (according to DIN), Stereo/Mono :  0,4%/0,2%
Selectivity (according to IHF), ±400 Hz :  80 dB
Image Frequency Rejection Ratio:  70 dB
AM suppression:  50 dB
IF Rejection:  95 dB
Limiting (-3dB) with 75 Ω aerial impedance:  0,7 µV
Muting Thereshold with 75 Ω aerial impedance:  1,5 µV
Capture ratio:  1,5 dB
Channel Separation (accor. to DIN 45 500):  40 dB
Pilot Tone Suppression (accor. to DIN 45 500):  35 dB
38 kHz Suppression (accor. to DIN 45 500):  50 dB
AM Section
Wave Bands
Long wave :  150 - 268 kHz
Medium wave :  518 -1600 kHz
Short wave [ I / II / III]:  3,3 - 10 MHz / 10 - 20 MHz / 20 - 30 MHz
Selectivity at 1 MHz (±9 kHz):  43 dB
Distortion with 30% modulation:  1%
Sensitivity at 1 MHz (30% mod. and 20 dB S/N):  50 µV
General
Wood Finish Veneers:  Teak or Rosewood ( Oak, Walnut to order)
Main Voltage:  220/240 V (alt.115 -230 V) 50/60 Hz
Dimensions (W x H x D):  535 x 120 x 305 mm (21" x 4-3/4" x 12") without knobs

Weight:  8,2 kg (18 lbs)

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