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What is stereo?




There are now two system of high fidelity, monophonic (monaural) and stereophonic. Monophonic is a system that starts from one microphone and is fed through a single high fidelity set. Stereophonic is a double system. Two separate microphones are placed at different sides of the orchestra and two different systems are used to keep the two signals or channels separated. Two separate speakers are used, placed on different sides of you room. Stereo is much like 3-D photography, two slightly different sound reach your ears giving you a new dimension in sound.




H.H. Scott '59





Showing posts with label idler. Show all posts
Showing posts with label idler. Show all posts

Elac Miracord 50H mkII turntable

At first glance, most automatic changers seem pretty much the same. A record drops, the turntable spins, a tone arm moves over to the record, where a stylus ( or needle) drops into the grooves. This sets off a chain of electronic impulses that ends up as music from your speakers. Any automatic changer will do all this.

An Elac Miracord will do it better. Every step of the way. Result; a fuller, richer sound from your records. In very simple terms, here's how we do it:

Start with the Elac tone arm. Its job is to hold the cartridge (which holds the stylus) and swing out onto the record. Most tone arms will do just that. The ones we build do just a litle more.

 to begin with, there's the tracking force. This is technical talk for the amount of pressure the tone arm brings down on your records. Naturally, the lighter the pressure, the lower the friction - and the more plays you'll get from each record and each stylus. That's why at  the base of the Elac tone arm you'll find a special little knob that lets you adjust the weight coming down on your records to less than one gram - or one twenty-eight of an ounce.

How many times have you tried to play a specific cut on an LP and dropped the tone arm either past the beginning of the tune either past the beginning of the tune you want, or into the ending of the song before it.

 

That can be hard on your ears, and even harder on your records. That's why we've come up with a cueing device so foolproof you can literally pick any groove on a record and ease the needle into it. Just flip a lever which gently raises the tone arm and lets it float with the stylus a hair's breadth over the record. Position the arm exactly where you want it, and flip the lever back. This operates a cleverly-designed, tiny piston which softly lowers the needle into the gtoove you've selected.

Which brings us to yet another example of Elac wizardry. The natural inclination for a needle on a record is to wear against the inside wall of each groove, (if you've ever heard a stereo record where the separation seems poor or the sound is distorted, this could well be the cause), Elac eliminates this inward drag with a special anti-skate device.

All Elac changers have push-button controls, positioned where they;re easiest to reach.

Everything is controlled by push-buttons, including the heavy-duty motor. Bearings are precision-made so you can forget about the annoyance of rumble and flutter. And life-time lubricants help keep maintenance to the barest minimum.

Everything we've mentioned so far is on every Elac Miracord. An impressive set of credits, to be sure. For some models, however like the 50H mkII its just the beginning.

 

Quite simply, the best automatic turntable money will buy. The 50H mkII contains a set of advantages that places it beyond the reach of any other charger in the world. With the variable speed control you can set the speed at precisely 33-⅓ or precisely 45 rpm, and a stroboscopic ring on the turntable will read out the accuracy of the speed. You may vary the speed by as much as three per cent either way. This not only assures you of exact control for normal listening, but also comes in handy for special uses such as dubbing sound home movies, or playing along with a musical instrument, where precise pitch is essential.

The 50H mkII is also a rarity in that you can now play your finest records and the precision arm will be lowered by the silicon damped cueing device, even in the automatic phase. A newly developed synchronous hysteresis motor reduces rumble to  an all-time low while maintaining a speed accuracy that is truly incredible. All told, the Elac Miracord 50H mkII represents the ultimate in automatic changers but to fully appreciate everything it offers you've really got to hear it for yourself.

 


Specifications

Operating Modes:  Changer, Automatic

Speeds: 33-⅓ and 45 rpm

Platter:  302 mm Zinc-alloy 2,3 kg

Wow and flutter: better than 43 dB

Rumble:  better than 63 dB, single and permanent player

Fine Speed Adjustment : around 6%

Drive Type: Hysteresis motor and friction wheel drive for the turntable

Tonearm:  204 mm Metalite

Dimensions (W x H x D):  435 x 175 x 350 mm


 

Garrard X-10 turntable

 

At a teen tribal stomp, or an after dinner-party dance, the Garrard X-10 Module is the "partying kind". At the drop of a record, it is off-and-away for hours of carefree music reproduction of the highest quality. And except for an occasional fly-by to change a stack of records, it requires little or no attention. What is more, it is stil fresh for a bit of nightcap music after the last stroggler has left.

What gives it its stamina for precision performance anywhere it's called upon to play. The solid Garrard components that have gone into it, from the high torque "Induction-Surge" motor driving its oversize turntable to the meticulously balanced low-mass tubular aluminum tonearm. And for all of this, the X-10 is a joy to operate. Two simple levers to set the correct speed, record size, manual or automatic play. A unique over-arm that stead es as many as eight records for automatic play and swing out of the way for unimpeded single record play.

Separate automatic and manual spindles. A pre-installed forst quality stereo ceramic cartridge set for correct stylus pressure and accurate tracking, a fine high-compliance flip-over diamond stylus, and to better serve those "Play it again, Sam" types and preserve the records as well - a single lever control for easy cueing and pausing. This feature-filled complete record playing source comes pre-assembled on a coordinated slimline base with three-position dust cover

 

Specifications

Speeds:  33-⅓, 45, and 78 rpm

Power Source:  110 volts 60 cycles AC (50 cycle pulley available)

Dimensions (W x H x D)) 15-1/4" x 8" x 16"

Garrard X-11 "Demi" turntable

 

People in tight quarters, dorms or dens, pads or playrooms, are "spaced out" by the big sound of the compact Garrard X-11 "Demi". This fine space-saving machine packs more record playing capability than many a full scale turntable. Plays all size records at all speeds. Stacks up to eight records for smooth automatic play, steadied by a convenient swing-away overarm. And can even play a single manually or automatically. It has a tonearm rest that locks and unlocks automatically, and shut-oof is automatic too.

 

And is it ever built. Solid yet lightweight, it can take the kind of casual treatment to be expected in swinging quarters. The changer is virtually foolproof, cannot malfunction during cycling. The same goes for the high quality Garrard drive motor, you can count on it to run smooth and silent hour after hour, year after year with no special pampering.

Then there are all the ear-filling quality features that don't always meet the eye. The advanced design, low mass tubular aluminum tonearm so precisely balanced it follows the wildest groove like an angel. A first quality stereo ceramic cartridge with flip over diamond stylus, pressure adjusted for smooth distortion-free tracking.

And even if iti is small enough to tuck away in some convenient niche, Garrard has not stinted on its beauty. An ebony turntable on a green unit plate set off by en ebony pinseal base with sparkling silver trim and tinted styrene cover. It will glow from its hiding place.

 

A complete stereo record playing unit

Plays 4 speeds (33, 45, 78 and 16 rpm)

Plays all-record sizes (7", 10", 12")

Strong lightweight turntable

Separate spindles (short and long) for manual and automatic operation

Powerful Garrard-built induction motor

Prematched top quality name-brand ceramic cartridge

Flip-over long-life diamond stylus

Lightweight tubular aluminum tonearm

Convenient overarm stabilizer for stack of records swings away for manual play

Automatic tonearm lock

Automatic shut-off

Complete with injection molded base and sparkling dust cover

Completely wired; plugs into wall outlet and plays through any unit with phono input jack

Power supply at 110 volts 60 cycles AC (50 cycle pulley available)

Dimensions ((W x H x D)) 13-3/8" x 6-1/2" x 10-1/4"

 

Leak Delta Turntable

It is important that the turntable in your high-fidelity system should be specifically designed to complement in performance and appearance the other components in your system. To this end we worked with one of Switzerland's foremost turntable specialists to create the Leak Turntable.

It is a dynamically balanced turntable which weighs over half a stone, eliminating the distortions that occur in lighter turntables due to internal vibrations.

The chromium plated pick-up arm is so sensitive that it can be affected by the infinitesimally centrifugal force it creates as it moves towards the centre of the record. We compensate for this with a bias compensator utilising a minute counterbalance supported on nylon thread. The turntable also has a viscously damped pick-up cueing device. In spite of this precision the Leak turntable is, like all the finest machines, simple to operate and maintain. The speed of the turntable is infinitely variable between 30 rpm and 86 rpm.

The very silent 4-pole motor is spring mounted onto a rigid steel baseplate. The power is transmitted from the conical motor shaft to the turntable by a ruber covered idler wheel. The speed is changed by moving the idler wheel on the motor shaft.

 


Specifications:

System:  Idler drive

Turntabel Type:  Dynamically balanced turntable. Viscously damped pick-up lowering device. Speed adjustment infinitely variable between 30 and 86 rpm.

Wow and Flutter:  0,06%, according to DIN Specifications

Rumble:  -60 dB, measured in according to DIN Specifications

Speed variations:  for a 10% change in mains voltage ±0,2%.

Maximum Speed Variation:  0,3%,  when loaded by a pick-up playimg at 6 grams

Motor:  4-pole constant valocity motor with conical rotor spindle

Pick-up Arm:  Arm with counter balanced weight.

Bearings:  Knife-edge bearings

Stylus Pressure:  adjustable from 0,5 to 5 grams with calibrated sliding weight

Minimum Stylus Pressure:  0,5 grams

Headshell:  Removable lightweight pick-up headsell

Cartrdige:  Shure magnetic M75B type 2

Stylus Overhang:  17 mm (0,675")

Stylus Position Adjustment:  13 mm (0,5")

Offset Angle:  23° 12'

Tracking Error:  ±0,8

Platter:  Die-cast zinc

Truntable Platter Weight:  4 kg (8,8 lb)

Power Requirements:  AC mains 200 - 240 V, 50 Hz

Power Consumption:  14 VA

Dimensions (W x H x D):  400 x 166 x 371 mm (16" x 6,6" x 14,8")

Weight:  8,5 kg (18,7 lbs)

Finish:  Teak

Elac PC-830 turntable

Getting back to basics

For all its seeming complexity, there are really only three basic requirements of any well designed turntable:

That the turntable platter rotate at a constant unvarying speed

The the tone arm enable the cartridge to trace the microscopic undulations in the record groove freely and accurately

That it be extremely reliable and trouble free.

The turntable proper

Let us examine the turntable mechanism first. In addition to rotating at an exact speed, a well designed turntable should be able to play a record with:

Minimum rumble - that is, it should not contribute any mechanical noise of its own to the music.

It should have undetectable wow and flutter. That means it must be free of slow and fast variations in pitch caused by momentary variations in speed.

Belt drive plus.

The primary cause of turntable rumble is the transmission of vibrations from the drive motor to the tone arm as it tracks the record.

Over the years, various methods have been devised to reduce rumble. Perhaps the simplest, most affective and reliable is the use of a belt drive system. By connecting an elastic belt from the drive shaft of the motor to the rim of the turntable platter, while the belt acts as a very effective mechanical filter damping out motor vibrations.

However, there is one drawback to this otherwise admirable system. It lacks sufficient torque or start up power to actuate the arm lifting and cycling functions quickly and efficiently.

To remedy this problem, Elac has designed an ingenious drive system with an idler assist called Belt Drive Plus, which is incorporated in the new Elac PC 830.

An idle wheel driven directly by the motor brings the platter up to speed quickly and indexes the arm over the lead-in groove of the record. As soon as the tone arm descends and the stylus touches the record, the idler is disengaged end the turntable operates in the belt drive mode only.

To reduce wow and flutter, the Elac PC 830 couples the motor to a heavy (4:4 pounds), dynamically balanced turntable platter. The mass of the platter in rotation creates a flywheel effect and very effectively smoothes out any momentary speed variations.

It's worth noting that the flat, precision ground rubber drive belt used in the Elac PC 830 is resistant to heat and humidity. Moreover, long term dimensional stability is insured through the use of an automatic belt release that reduces tension on the drive belt when the turntable is not in use.

Precise and continous speed monitoring is provided for via an illuminated strobe and a pitch control that is adjustable over a range of ±3% of nominal speed.

In addition, the Elac PC 830 satisfies another vital, but often overlooked, requirement of a well designed turntable. It incorporates a dual element, tuned suspension system that provides maximum isolation from external vibrations, thus rendering it virtually immune to acoustic feedback as well  as other sound bluring sources.


 The well behaved tone arm

Just as a well designed turntable should do nothing more than rotate silently at a precise, unvarying speed, so should the tone arm assume a completely bening role. Its only function, to present the cartridge to the record without let or hindrance.

But this is more easily said than done. For today's better cartridges play at such very low tracking forces, often 1 gram or less, that many tone arms are hard pressed to cope with them. As a result performance can be seriously degraded.

To operate properly at these very low tracking forces, a tone arm must be very light and rigid. In addition, it should have a very low moment of inertia, so as not to impede the movement of the stylus in the groove. But that's only the begining, a well designed tone arm should also have:

Very low mass, especially at the head where it counts most.

Very low tracking error. That is, its design geometry should permit it to remain as nearly tangent to the groove as possible, at any point on the record.

Skating or side thrust compensation to keep the stylus centered in the groove.

The ability to function properly with a wide veriety of cartridges

A cueing control for simple and precise manual operation

To successfully meet all these requirements. Elac has designed a superb new tone arm for the PC 830.

Special alloy, tubular construction makes it very light and rigid while significantly reducing mass. Freedom of movement has been optimized through the use of microprecision ball bearing races in both the vertical and horizontal pivos enabling the tone arm to perform faultlessly with most lightweight, high compliance cartridges.

To provide greater stability and further improve tracking, the tone arm is dynamically balanced which has the added advantage of making turntable leveling non-critical. The offset angle (geometry) of the head minimizes tracking error and a positive contact, slide-in cartridge mount permits precise adjustment of stylus overhang to further reduce distortion.

To insure perfect centering of the stylus, in the groove at any point on the record, a highly effective antiskating adjustment is provide for conical elliptical and CD-4 styli. Thus uneven groove wear and distortion are materially reduced. A viscous damped cueing  control sets the tone arm down gently anywhere on the record. And the same gentle lowering  action also comes into play during automatic operation.

The finishing touch

In the final analysis, however, any first rank turntable is more than a collection of features. It is a study in human engineering. It should respond instantly and effortlessly. It should enable you to play a single record or a batch of records whit a minimum of fuss and bother. In short, it should never get between you and the music .

 


Specifications

Drive System:  Precision ground belt plus idler assist

Operational Mode:  Single and multiple play

Speeds:  33-⅓ and 45 rpm

Speed Adjustment:  ±3%

Wow and Flutter (DIN) ±0,6%

Rumble DIN

Unweighted ;  better than 44 dB

Weighted :  64 dB

Tone arm: 205 mm tubular alloy

Tracking Error:  less than ±1,4 degrees

Tracking Force Adjustment:  0,5 - 4 grams

Platter:  285 mm diameter zink diecast

Platter Weigth:  4,4 pounds

Power Requirements:

Power Consumption:  15 watts

Dimensions (W x H x D):  435 x 175 x 350 mm

BSR McDonald 810


The BSR McDonal 810 Transcription Series is available as a Total Turntable that includes a matching custom walnut wood base, a deluxe tinted dust cover, and rhe superb Shure M-91ED magnetic cartridge with elliptical diamond stylus. All in one carton. All included in the price. Complete, ready to plug in and play, with all critical adjustments precisely pre-set on BSR laboratory equipment.
The BSR 810 was designed without compromising quality, technical specifications or performance features - regardless of the ultimate cost. Yet, the result is an instrument offered at a price consistent with our reputation for producing turntables that are unsurpassed values in every price range.


Features:
Sequential Cam System
Replaces the conventional cam gear and swinging plate used in every other automatic turntable. This revolutionary engineering breakthrough results in a smoothness and quietness of operation and an overall reliability never before achieved. The utilization of eight independent pre-programmed cams eliminates the multiplicity of light stampings and noisy moving parts required in all other automatic turntable mechanisms.

Synchronous Power Unit
As one of the world's largest designers and manufactturers of subfractional horsepower motors, BSR set its resources to develop a motor to match the performance of the Sequential Cam System. The result is the new high torque ultra-quiet synchronous induction power unit, which achieves an unwavering constancy of speed indepemdent of voltage input or record load.

Transcription Tone Arm System
The longer the tone arm the less the tracking error. The 8,6562" pivot-to-stylus lenght reduces tracking error to less than 0,5° per inch. The low-mass aluminum tone arm assures extremely low resonance and is counterbalanced in both horizontal and vertical planes.

Concentric Gimbal Arm Mount
Gyroscopically pivoted on four pre-loaded ball-bearing races to assure virtually no friction in either the horizontal or vertical planes. This design gives the 810 a tracking capability of 1/4 gram.

Viscous-Damped Cue and Pause Control
Provides gentle silicone oil-damped tone arm descent. In all other automatic turntables, the anti-skate system tends to move the tone arm outwards while it descends. BSR designed an exclusive positive friction Cue-Clutch that prevents this. After a pause, the 810's tone arm returns to the identical groove, every time. The cueing control can be operated in both automatic and manual modes.

Viscous-Damped Tone Arm Descent
The same gentle viscous controlled descent provided in the cueing operation also functions during automatic and semi-automatic play.



BSR makes more automatic turntables than any other manufacturer. More in fact than all other manufacturers in the world put together. But of all the turntables we make, the BSR McDonald 810 Transcription Series is the most unique. It is a triumph of years of painstaking efforts and research in our Engineering laboratories in Warley, Worcestershire, England.
Our enigineers sey out with a single objective. To design an automatic turntable that could effectively offer advantages in performance and features over the finest competitive units made. We sincerely believe our 810 equals, and in many instances exceeds, the performance of any automatic turntable presently available.
 The 810 offers an impressive group of technical innovations for serious music lovers … for collectors of sophisticated high fidelity equipment. Its pre-programmed sequential cam system introduces a new experience in smoothness, quietness and featherlight operation over the widest range of operating modes. The low mass transcription tone arm system virtually eliminates tracking error and offers precise zero balance adjustment over the full range of cartridge and stylus masses. These and the other important engineering features described in this post result in complete freedom from distortion and maximum preservation of your records.

Specifications
Wow and Flutter (measured on Gaumont Kalee Wow and Flutter Meter type 1740 using Decca LXT5346 record):
Waw at 33-1/3 and 45 RPM :  less than ,1% rms
Flutter at 33-1/3 and 45 RPM :  less than ,05% rms
Wow and Flutter DIN weighted (measured on a ME102B Mini Flux meter manufactured by Technisch-Physikalisches laboratorium):
Wow/Flutter :  ±0,15 peak
Rumble :  less than 55 dB relative to a 1 kHz 10 cm/sec peak recorded signal (record to DIN 455544). The weight curve having a roll off of 12 dB per octave above and below 315 Hz
Tracking Error:  less than 0,5° per inch of redius
Arm Pivot to Stylus Distance:  8,562"
Arm Type:  Concentric gimbal arm mount gyroscopically pivoted on 4 pre-loaded ball-bearing races
Minimum Tracking Force:  1/4 gram
Arm resonance:  7 cycles
Stylus pressure Range:  0- 4 grams
Turntable Platter:  12" Dynamically Balanced die-cast, weight approx. 7 pounds
Motor Type:  Dual range synchronous power unit 100-130 V AC 60 Hz easily convertible to 220 V AC 50 Hz operation
Speeds:  33-1/3 and 45 RPM
Pitch Control: Variable ±3%
Platter Diameter:  12"
Platter Weight:  approx. 7 lbs
Drive Mechanism:  Sequential cam system
Suspension System:  Four foam damped helically wound coils on rubber shock mounts
Record Sizes:  12" 10" or 7"
Record Stack:  6 records
Muting Switch:  provided
Pop Filter:  provided
Dimensiond (W x H x D): 
810 Turntable:  15-1/8" x 4-1/2" x 12-1/8"
With  base and dust cover :  17-1/8" x 9-1/4" x 15"
Weight:
Only 810 :  17 lbs
With base and dust cover :  22 lbs

DUAL 1010 A

Auto/Standard Turntable for single play and changer operation.
The ingenious design of the top/mounting spring screws makes it possible for you to mount and secure the Dual 1010 to its base - or to the cutout mounting board of a console -  entirely from the top. No need to fumble underneath, nor to take anything apart.
The Dual 10101 tonearm is designed for tracking at the low stylus forces required by high compliance cartridges. Once adjusted for your cartridge, the force will remain highly linear for a complete stack of records. Stsylus force is adjusted by turning the knob located at the pivot; clockwise to increase force, counterclockwise to reduce force. The range of adjustment is from 2 to 7 grams, with clock stops at 1/2 gram increments.
The tonearm has been set to descend accurately into the lead-in groove. But if the dimensions of your cartridge and/or the location of its stylus cause the lattere to touch the record either too far in or too far out, it can be adjusted quite easily.

All the operations of the Dual 1010 are activated by smoothly acting slide switches. Unlike push buttons, they do not jar the spring-mounted chassis or induce even momentary vibration. Thus the three spring-mounted footings of the Dual can enjoy a softer, more shock-absorbent characteristic, rather than a compromised stiffness.


A -                    SPEED CHANGE KNOB
B -        SPEED CHANGE LEVER ASS'Y
C -                            SWITCH SEGMENT
D -                                 SUPPORT ASS'Y
E - DRIVE WHEEL TENSION SPRING
F -                                    ROCKER ASS'Y
G -                   LEVER AND STUD ASS'Y
H -                         DRIVE WHEEL ASS'Y
I -             MOTOR PULLEY 50 or 60 Hz
J -     STATOR 110 / 150 / 220 V ASS'Y
K -                           SWITCH ARM ASS'Y
L -  MOTOR ASS'Y 110 / 150 / 220 V  
                          (LESS MOTOR PULLEY)
Specifications:
Line Voltage:  selector for 110, 150 or 220 volts
Line Frequency:  50 or 60 ha with appropriate motor pulleys
Drive:  two-pole, single-phase, induction motor
System:   Idler whell drive
Wow and Flutter: 
with 8-1/2"  turntable, max. ±0,25%;
with 11" turntable , max. ±017%
Turntable Speed:  78, 45, 33-1/3 and 16-2/3 rpm
Signal-to-Noise Ratio:  at 100 cps better than 42 dB; at 250 cps better than 50 dB
Pickup Cartridge:  tonearm will accept all crystal and ceramic cartridges with 1/2" mounting.
Standard is stereo crystal cartridge CDS 620/4/45
Dimensions (W x D):  329 x 274 mm
Weight:
With 8-1/2" turntable :  8 lbs
With 11" turntable  :  9 lbs
Power Consumption:  6,5 watts approximately

DUAL 1010 F

 DUAL 1010 F 
The Dual 1010 F in all the functions is similar like model 1010 A, but  in addition is equipped in function of variable speed control.
Pitch Control - each of the 3 standard records speeds (33-1/3, 45 and 78 rpm) may be varied up to 6% by means of pitch control. The selected speed may be checked using the stroboscopic disc supplied with the unit.
How to use?
Place the stroboscopic disc on the rotating platter. Under AG illumination, the circular line patern for the desired speed will appear stationary - while the record is turning - when the actual platter speed matches the desired speed. The pitch control knob serves for making the exact adjustment.

Also the 1010F is equipped with Dual Stereo crystal cartridge CDS 630, duplo sapphire needle.



BSR UA 70

 The BSR UA70 record changers will play a stack of one to six records in automatic sequence and shut off after playing the last record. 16, 33-1/3, 45 and 78 RPM records can be played.

Indexing, correct tone arm set-down, for playing 12", 10" or 7" records is determinated by the position of the 12, 10, 7 control.
The tripping method is the velocity type. Rapid tone arm acceleration is required to actuate the trip mechanism.
The changer operates on 117 V AC, 60 Hz with provisions made for converting to 220 V AC operation and 50 Hz operation. The motor leads can be connected as shown in diagram, on the motor, for operation on 220 V AC.  A simple conversion kit for changing to 50 Hz operation is available.
The BSR model UA70 is equipped with a pickup cartridge and tone arm head combined in a single unit.
 Features of the BSR UA70:
Calibrated stylus pressure control for precise low pressure trecking.
Coares and fine counter balance adjustment of pick-up arm.
Corner mounting springs effectively insulate the instrument from any external vibrations.
Light-weight cartridge shell with finger lift.
Integral mechanical cueing device allows the pick-up arm to be reised or lowered at any selectet point on the record when records are played manually.
Automatic lock which secures arm to rest after record has been played.
11" diameter deep rim turntable with attractively styled mat.
Dynamically balanced four pole motor  suspended on butyl rubber mountings.
Interchangeable centre spindles for manual or automatic play.
Automatic disengagement of idler wheel when the unit is shut off.
Simple to operate linear controls.

Dual 1212


Motor and drive:
The turntable platter and change mechanism are driven by a vibration-free, four-ploe motor with an extremely low stray magnetic field.
Motor speed is constant for line-voltage variations of +_10%. It is dependent on (an dproportional to) line frequency. Two interchangeable motor pulleys are available for adaapting the changer to 50 or 60 Hz operation.
The motor pulley is fastened to the motor shaft by a set screw. When you change pulleys, be sure that the new pulley is set at the correct heoght.
The turntable platter is driven by the idler wheel,, which to prevent damage to its friction surfaces, is automatically disengaged when the unit is shut off. Setting the turntable speed to 33-1/3 , 45 or 78 rpm is done by raising or lowering the idler to bear against the proper step of the motor pulley.

Powerful Constant-Speed Hi-Torque Motor
Of entirely new design, the Dual's powerful and utterly quiet Hi-Torque motor effortlessly brings the heavy turntable to full speed virtually instantaneously. The rotor is dynamically balanced in both planes. Together with the evenly and precisely distributed poles, this eliminates at the source, one of the major sources of rumble and assures speed constancy.
All three speed are accurate within 0,1% with one to ten records. Further voltage variations can exced ±10% with no effect on speed whatever. Thus the Hi-Torque motor combines the advantages of the induction and synchronous motors.

Acoustic Feedback Eliminated
The only vibrations induced upon the stylus should be those originating from the recorded grooves. Any others, such as those present in the speakers, must be isolated from the stylus, or it will repeatedly transmit those spurious signals throughout the system - as "acoustic feed-back".
Dual has taken extraordinary care in eliminating anything that would tend to induce acoustic feedback. For example, the spring-mounted footings are internally cushioned with rubber between springs and caps. Further, the springs themselves are "soft", because the feathertouch side-to-side action of the operating slide switches do not require stiff vertical resistance.
And the motor, is thoroughly insulated against both shock and vibration. These are some of the "inside" reasons by you will find Dual automatic turntables in the highest quality single-cabinet consoles that can reproduce the full frequency response range without concern for acoustic feedback.


Specifications:
Drive System:  Idler Drive
Drive:  four-pole, single-phase, induction motor
Turntable Speeds:  33-1/3 , 45 and 78 rpm
Speed Adjustment:  adjustment range of 1 semitone(6%) at all three turntable speeds
Turntable:  non-magnetic, 4 lbs, hi-fi turntable
Wow and Flutter:  less than ±0,12%
Rumble:  less than 38 dB below signal level
Signal-to-Noise Ratio:  less than 56 dB below signal level
Tonearm:  balanced on all three axes; extremely low mass, and precision, friction-free suspension (vertical 0,01 g and horizontal friction bearing, friction less than 0,04 g)
Cartridge Holder:  removable, suitable for acceptance of cartridges having 1/2" mounting and possessing a weight of 1 - 8 grammes
Current:  alternating, 50 or 60 Hz, with appropriate motor pulleys
Line Voltage:  selector for 110 V or 220 volts
Power Consumptions:  7,2 watts approx. at 220 V, 50 hz
Current Requirements:  60 ma. Maximum at 220 V, 50 Hz; 95 ma. Maximum at 117 V, 60 Hz
Dimensions (W x H x D):
Weight:  10,6 lbs (without packing)

Thorens TD 124


 Never before has a turntable won such worldwide acclaim as the Thorens TD-124.  A brilliant example of Swiss precision engineering and craftsmanship. Superbly different, the TD-124 offers a host of exclusive features never before achieved in any other turntable, meets the most exacting demands of broadcasting. Its durability and performance specifications exceed NAB standards for studio equipment.

In the TD-124, Thorens has incorporated many outstanding features that open way for discriminating music lovrs to new and greater enjoyment from their music systems.
The TD-124 is unmatched for monophonic or stereophonic sound reproduction. The drive system utilizes an extra compliant belt plus idler wheel to isolate any motor vibration and special shielding of the turntable flywheel, eliminates any induction of stray fields by magnetic pick-up cartridges.
Features
4-speeds plus variable speed adjustment control
12 inch 11,5 pound table with separate non-magnetic aluminun shell cover.
Precision built motor with extra compliant belt-plus-idler isolates motor vibration
Off position completely disengages idler wheel to prevent idler flats
Exclusive Thorens clutch assembly for fast stop and start with no stylus injury
Buil-in illuminated stroboscope enables speed check while record is being played, also acts as pilot light
Built-in level bubble and levelling controls
Replaceable tone arm mounting board for 12 or 16 inch arms
Built-in shock mounts
Exceeds NAB specifications for rumble, wow and flutter
Operates at any voltage from 100/250 volts, 50/60 Hz AC
Thorens TD 124 Transcription Turntable
Highest achievement in turntable design does not mainly result from spectacular new mechanical or electrical elements, but much more from an integration of known, ordinarily conflicting elements, into a new design where best features are magnified and their individual weaknesses eliminated.

As may important features found on Model TD 124 Turntable, including Inertia Controlled Drive and Two Part Turntable with Clutch Action. Professional users and discriminating music lovers will find for the first time so many desirable features harmoniously blended into a new turntable whose basic performance is better than NARTB specifications for broadcasting studio equipment.
Wooden board for tone arm mounting made integral with the cast aluminium frame.
No relative vibrations between base plate and tone arm mounting board; the rumble level is independent of the type of installation.
Easy installation of any type of tone arm; two dimensions of tone  arm mounting board available allow the use of tone arms for 12" or 16" records.
Easy replacement of tone arm mounting board on installed unit when changing the tone arm.

Spring suspension of the whole unit on the mounting board.
Easy installation without the need for additional parts on any base or cabinet; the mounting board does not need to be spring mounted.

Special inbuilt leveling device
The mounting board or cabinet does not need to be leveled
The precision inbuilt water level allows a permanent control of the leveling

Inertia-controlled drive system; relatively light, precision built 4-pole motor, associated to a very heavy turntable
Minimizes the influence of instantaneous voltage fluctuations on the turntable speed; the flywheel, not the motor, is controlling the speed
Keeps motor vibrations very low
Allows a most compliant suspension of the motor on the base plate for maximum damping of any vibration
Keeps the stray flux very low.
 Two steps speed reduction
Between motor and turntable, associating the best features of the belt-driven flywheel and of the stepped pulley-idler wheel speed shift, and eliminating the drawbacks of these two systems taken alone.
The long rubber belt prevents any vibration to be transmitted from the motor to the idler wheel and to the turntable
Extra large diameter aluminium pulley for the belt (1 ¼" and 2 ¾") preventing slipping and deformation of the belt
The rubber belt is easily interchanged from the top of the unit
The stepped pulley for four speed revolves at half the speed of that of conventional systems, thus the steps are of a much larger diameter. Better contact with idler wheel, no slipping and no local deformation of the soft tread of the idler wheel
The stepped pulley is not on the rotor shaft,but has extra long, precision bearing rigidly fixed to the base plate. The vobrations and possible misalignment of the rotor shaft of a spring mounted motor has no effect on the stepped pulley and idler wheel.
Large idler wheel (3 ¼") with permanently bond special tread; no rumble filter action required
Precision control system of the idler wheel for true parallel action with the steady spindles of steeped pulley and turntable.

 Single control knob for the "On-Off" switch and for the 78, 45, 33 and 16 rpm speed shift. "Off" positions between each two speeds.
Variable speed control (+_3%) acting on the four speeds
Precision inbuilt stoboscope for four speed, 60 and 50 cycles
Easy conversion from 50 to 60 cycles operation
Voltage commutator for 100-120, 125-150 and 200-250 volts
Two parts tyrntable with clutch action cast aluminium base plate strongly ribbed
Specifications
Speeds:  4 speeds
Platter:  with separate non-magnetic aluminium shell cover
Diameter:  12 inch
Weight :  11,5 lbs
Drive:  precision built motor with extra compliant belt plus idler isolates motor vibration
Wow and Flutter: Excceds NAB specifications
Rumble :  Exceeds NAB specifications
Tonearm:  Replaceable tone arm mounting board for 12 and 16 inch arms
Power:  110 - 250 V variable, 50/60 Hz
Dimensions :
Length :  394 mm (15 ½"
Width :  324 mm (12 ¾")
Depth :  74 mm (3") below mounting board
Height :  60 mm (2 ½") above mounting board
Weight:'
Net :  10 kg (22 lbs)

Shipping :  15 kg (33 lbs)