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What is stereo?




There are now two system of high fidelity, monophonic (monaural) and stereophonic. Monophonic is a system that starts from one microphone and is fed through a single high fidelity set. Stereophonic is a double system. Two separate microphones are placed at different sides of the orchestra and two different systems are used to keep the two signals or channels separated. Two separate speakers are used, placed on different sides of you room. Stereo is much like 3-D photography, two slightly different sound reach your ears giving you a new dimension in sound.




H.H. Scott '59





Showing posts with label horn. Show all posts
Showing posts with label horn. Show all posts

Electro-Voice T350 VHF Driver

T350 Deluxe VHF Compression Driver

Designed to complement Electro-Voice deluxe high fidelity drivers, the T350 VHF driver combines smooth, extended high-frequency response with efficient performance. An integral diffraction horn couples the diaphragm to the air and assures the widest possible sound dispersion. This uniform distribution of sound energy is especially important in stereo reproduction to allow the largest possible listening area.

 

Exclusive Sonophase throat design is incorporated in the T350 VHF driver. Response is flat up to 4 or 5 kHz, after which destructive interference results from inability of the diaphragm to act as a piston. Increasingly higher frequencies cause the phase of sound produced at the diapragm periphery to shift with respect to sound produced by the diaphragm center-due to diaphragm deformation . In the Sonophase design, sound from the central portion of the diaphragm is delayed by the longer path length, restoring proper phase relationship and level as the frequency increases. The importance of the Sonophase throat design is paramount above 12 kHz, where sound must be taken from the center of the diaphragm and the periphery simultaneously; in this design this is accomplished without destructive interference or cancelation within the sound chamber. At lower frequencies where the diaphragm acts as a piston, and no phase shift is required in the path configuration, the longer central path length does not appreciably change the phase due to the longer wave lengths involved.

 

The single-wound self-supporting voice coil is epoxy-bonded to a phenolic impregnated diapragm. This extremely rugged assembly will withstand high power levels, and yet is light enough to follow precisely the complex VHF wave forms.

 


Specifications

Frequency Response:  3,500 to 23,000 Hz

Nominal Impedance:  8 Ω

Power Handling Capacity

RMS :  5 watts

Program :  50 watts

Peak :  100 watts

Voice Coil Diameter: 1"

Magnet:  1 pound Alnico V

Recommended Crossover Frequency:  3,500 Hz

EIA Sensitivity Rating:  60 dB

Dimensions

Horn (H x W):  7-1/4" x 2-7/8"

Pot Diameter :  3-1/2"

Overall Depth :  4-3/8"

Baffle Opening :  2-3/8" x 4-7/8"

Net Weight:  7 pounds

Technics SB-E100 loudspeakers


High Efficiency, High Input Resisting 30 cm Woofer
In order to make the most of the horn type speaker system, the wofer is required to be highly efficient and to have a frequency characteristic to go smoothly with the mif-range. In this respect, the system uses Canadian coniferous pulp and cones with liner elements combined, thus assuring a high efficiency of 95 dB/W/1m. Also, to improve the linearity coping with a large input, well ventilated high compliance dampers and non-directional urethane edges are employed. Furthermore, polyester insulator and polyamide layers are used for the voice coils, and extra-high heat resisting resin film is used for the bobbins so that the system is able to withstand continuous since waves of as high  as 100 Watts (DIN RMS).

Wide-directional Radial Horn Mid-range
Frequency characteristics with wide-band and excellent directivity are obtained with a radial horn widening at 150 deg. From aluminum die-cast horn throat and newly developed shell type equalizer (mid-range). The driver section is made of extra-thin aluminum alloy of 35ф, 30 µm thick, and the edge, provided with slits, employes perforated pole pieces to improve the low-range characteristic, and is high input resisting with heat radiating aluminum bobbin of µm, CCAW (copper coated aluminum wire), and heat resisting voice coils.

Wide-directional Radial Horn Tweeter
This wide-directional radial horn, widening at 150 deg., is of high precision solid type made of aluminum diecast. The driver section consists of metalized polyester film vibrating reeds and employs a powerful magnetic circuit using a large aluminum magnet, and is high input resisting with use of heat resisting voice coils.

Linear Phase Network
Linear phase characteristics are obtained by a dividing network combining 12 dB/oct and inductive M types, thus making reliable transfer of waves possible. Also, low-distortion filament cores are employed for choke coils.

Control Tower
It is equiped with a thermal relay protection circuit in oreder to protect the mid-range and tweeter from excess input or abnormal signals. Also, to use it as a multiamp system, it is provided with multi-amp input terminal along with a multi-amp switching connector. Besides these functions, dividing network, level control and input terminal are concentrated at the control tower which also serves to secure drivers of the mid-range and tweeter, thus improving the controllability.

Power Handling Capacity
The power handling capacity of this speaker system is 150 watts (music), and 100 watts DIN (RMS).
Speaker Protection Circuit
This system is equipped with a speaker protection circuit to protect the speaker from excess input or abnormal signals. If excess input is applied to the speaker, it will be automatically cut off by the protection circuit.

Multi-Amp System
The impedance of each unit woofer, midrange and tweeter is 6 Ω . Therefore, make sure that the load impedance of the amp used ranges from 4 Ω  to 16 Ω
When the multi-amp switching connector is set to "multi amp system", the network, level control and protection circuit of this system are disconnected. The sound volume of each unit can be adjusted by turning the volume knob of each amp.
It is recommended to use the system with crossover frequencies between speakers  as follows:
Woofer - Midrange :  1,2 kHz - 2 kHz
Midrange - Tweeter :  5 kHz - 10 kHz
In order to protect the speaker unit against low-range noise from the amp, connect a bipolar condenser of about 68 µF between amp and speaker, and about 10 µF to tweeter respectively in series.

Specifications
Type:  3-way, 3-speaker system
Speakers:
Woofer :  300 mm (12") cone type
Midrange :  Horn type
Tweeter :  Horn type
Impedance:  6 Ω
Input Power:
Music :  150 W
DIN :  100 W (RMS)
Output Sound-Pressure Level:  95 dB/W /1m
Crossover Frequency:  1500 Hz, 6500 Hz
Frequency Range:  37 - 22,000 Hz
Dimensions (W x H x D):  525 x 846 x 424 mm (20-5/8" x 33-1/4" x 16-5/8")
Weight:  29 kg (63,9 lbs)



Technics SST-1

 Sound Space Twin Load Horn SST-1
The research into excellent sound reproduction has resulted in the development of a new loudspeaker system configured similar to a musical instrument.
Based on original acoustic theory and using computer simulations the design utilises two different sized horns 3,2 m and 2,6 m '  for low bass reproduction with low distortion as well as high efficiency
"The SST-1 was a sound space twin loaded horn that emerged from the pursuit of high-quality sound. This unique form was structured from flow lines using a unique acoustic method by applying computer simulation technology. Compared with conventional back-loaded horns, the twin loaded horns of the SST-1 smoothed sound pressure frequency response in the midrange and high frequencies, thereby further improving reproduction capability with high efficiency and low distortion, which are characteristics of horn speakers. This also made possible the clear and energetic reproduction of deep bass. In addition, the speaker used a "brilliant throat" construction in which part of the horn was narrowed in order to prevent deterioration in sound quality. This also functioned as an acoustic filter blocking the emission of undesired midrange and high-frequency sound, which have extensive distortion. These synergistic effects dramatically improved the acoustic characteristics, from the high frequencies to bass."
Specifications:
Configuration:  2-way, twin Load Horn
Woofer :  140 mm cone type with chitin diaphragm
Tweeter :  50 mm horn type
Power Handling Music (DIN): 180 W (80 W )
Nominal impedance  :  6 Ω
Frequency Range:  45 Hz - 20,000 Hz (-16 dB)
Sensitivity:  92 dB 1W/1m
Crossover Frequency:  4,500 Hz
Dimensions (W x H x D):  570 x 650 x 190 (without stands)
Weight:  12,0 kg (without stands)
Available in Black, Red or White finish
Supplied with stands

JBL 4343


 The 4343 represents an extension of the research and development effort that produced the 4350 Studio Monitor JBL's top system, which uses dual low frequency drivers. This new monitor accurately reproduces the full range of fundamentals and overtones in music at sound pressure levels approximating those of an original performance.
The exceptionally smooth wide-band reproduction clarity, transient response and low distortion of the 4343 results from total integration of the components that make up the four-way system so that each transducer reproduces only that portion of the audio spectrum for which it is specifically designed Deliberately restricting the operating bandwidth of the individual drivers results in maximization of each unit's transient response.
Another benefit of bandwidth limitation is that each driver operates only in the region of the audio spectrum through which it exhibits controlled sound distribution, thus a dispersion pattern for the complete system is achieved which is ideal for studio use. The passive frequency dividing network supplied with the 4343 controls the acoustic output of all the individual transducers, and may be switched for bi-amplification.


 Features
Accurate smooth reproduction from 35 to 20,000 Hz, ±3dB
44 dB SPL at 30 feet with a 1-milliwat input
101 dB SPL at 10 feet at one-half rated power input
Mountable in vertical or horizontal orientation
Components:
15" low frequency loudspeaker,
10" midrange loudspeaker,
High frequency compression driver with horn/lens assembly and ultra-high frequency transducer
Balance conrols located behind the removable grille
Rear mounted switch for bi-amplification or full passive crossover
Oiled walnut or textured gray enclosure


 Ultra-High Frequency Transducer
Overtones above 9000 Hz are reproduced by a compression driver and diffraction horn specifically designed for reproduction and dispersion of energy at the extreme high end of the audio spectrum. The compression driver consist of a 3-1/4 pound magnetic assembly energized by an Alnico V magnet.  The 1,75 inch edgewound aluminum ribbon voice coil, suspended within a field having a flux density of 16,500 gauss is affixed to a heat resistant support bonded to a ring diaphragm pneumatically formed of .0022 inch thick aluminum foil. Output from the diaphragm is directed through the integral diffraction horn, which produces the unit's wide high frequency dispersion pattern.


 High Frequency Compression Driver
The high frequency compression driver provides smooth, accurate response and is capable of delivering the high power output levels required in monitor applications. The closed magnetic assembly is energized by an  Alnico V magnet, weighs 10 pounds and achieves a flux density of 19,000 gauss in the voice coil gap. A ring of pure silver deposited on the circumference of the pole piece maintains uniform impedance through the highest frequencies, extending the bandwidth of the driver. The diaphragm, pneumatically formed of .002-inch thick aluminum foil stock is driven by a 1,75-inch edgewound aluminum ribbon voice coil. The wavefront emerging from the diaphragm is directed through the concentric channels of a phasing plug prior to distribution by the horn/lens assembly.


 Horn/Lens Assembly
Output from the high frequency compression driver is distributed through a controlled pattern by the horn/lens assembly. The horn is formed of a rigid casting to eliminate spurious resonance. The exponential taper rate of the horn controls the expansion of the wavefront providing proper acoustic loading of the driver diaphragm and determines the vertical dispersion pattern of the assembly. The acoustic lens functions in a manner analogous to a divergent optical lens. Its 11 plates set at a precise angle to the enclosure baffle panel, provide controlled propagation of high frequency acoustic energy in the horizontal plane.


 Midrange Loudspeaker
The smooth performance and instantaneous transient response of the 10-inch midrange loudspeaker is largely responsible for the outstanding instrumental clarity, vocal definition and dimensional accuracy of the system. Its closed magnetic assembly weighing 6-1/2 pounds, concentrates all the energy of an Alnico V magnet in the voice coil gap. The 3-inch edgewound copper ribbon voice coil is suspended within a powerful magnetic field having a flux density of 10,000 gauss. The integrally stiffened cone is terminated with an wxclusive JBL ring compliance that allows long excursion while maintaining linear travel.


 Low Frequency Loudspeaker
The 15-inch low frequency loudspeaker is mounted in a ported enclosure having an internal volume of 5,5 cubic feet. The driver features extreme, solid low frequency reproduction with smooth response well past its crossover frequency. The unit is energized by a 13-pound magnetic assembly concentrates a magnetic field having a flux density of 12,000 gauss in the voice coil is hand wound on a heat resistant support. The support is affixed to a rigid cone having optimum mass density and rigidity for exceptional transient response and maximum efficiency with the bandwidth of the driver.


 Frequency Dividing Network
The 4343 is provided with a high level, passive frequency dividing network for the three transitions of the system. The network is fitted with a rear-mounted switch and separate input terminals for bi-amplification. The circuitry has been designed with consideration for the various performance characteristics of the drivers and their location on the enclosure baffle panel. The network has been designed for continuous high power application; capacitors are non-inductive ,non-polarized types with high AC current capacity and special inductors are used to minimize power losses within the network. Each inductor is calibrated on a sensitive electronic  bridge and its value set precisely.
A special circuit card providing the precise crossover characteristics for bi-amplification of the 4343 is available for use in the JBL 5233 or 5234 Electronic Frequency Dividing Network. Conventional electronic networks can be used, but they may not have the exact frequency and filter slope characteristics required for optimum performance of the system.


 Enclosure
In keeping with current trends in studio design that encourage creativity, JBL studio monitor enclosures feature contemporary styling and are offered in two finishes, each with a complementary grille color. The enclosure, however, contributes much more than striking appearance. The low frequency loudspeaker is housed in a chamber having an internal volume of 5,5 cubic feet. The midrange loudspeaker is enclosed in a separate, isolated sub-chamber having an internal volume of 0,5 cubic feet. The internal volume of the acoustic chambers and physical configuration of the ducted ports are carefully calibrated to properly load the low frequency and midrange loudspeakers for optimum bass response and to control cone excursion, thus minimizing distortion and maximaizing power handling capacity of the drivers. To eliminate resonance, the enclosure is constructed of dense 3/4-inch and 1-inch stock with a 15-ply baffle panel; all joints are carefully interlocked and glued, the back side, top and bottom panels are lined with acoustic damping material and are each stiffened by multiple braces glued and screwed to the panel and to the adjacent surfaces of the enclosure. The baffle section which supports the midrange, high frequency and ultra-high frequency trasducers may be rotated 90° left or right for horizontal system instalations.



Specifications
Maximum Power Input
Bi-amplification:
Below 300 Hz : 75 watts continuous sine  wave
Above 300 Hz : 75 watts continuous sine wave
Simgle Amplification:  75 watts continuous sine wave
Power Output:  101 dB SPL Measured at 3,0 m (10 ft) in a room volume of 57 m³ (2000 cu ft) with half rated power input
Nominal Impedance:  8 ohms
Frequency Response:  35 to 20,000 Hz, ±3 dB
Sensitivity:  93 dB SPL measured at 1m (3,3 ft) with 1-watt input averaged from 100 to 1000 Hz;
44 dB SPl measured at 9,1m (30 ft) with 1-milliwatt input averaged from 100 to 1000 Hz
Polar Response:  No less than -3 dB at 60° horizontal and 30° vertical to 16 kHz
Distortion:
1/2 Power, 99 dB SPL/3,0m : 1% or less third harmonic generation from 35 to 800 hz
Single Frequency : 2% or less third harmonic generation above 800 Hz
Crossover Frequencies:  300, 1250 and 9500 Hz
Finish: Textured gray or oiled walnud
Grille:  Black fabric with the gray finish; Dark blue fabric with walnut
Enclosure Volume
Low Frequency Chamber : 156 litres (5,5 cu ft)
Midrange Chamber : 14 litres (0,5 cu ft)
Enclosure Dimension:  1050 x 635 x 435 mm (41-3/8 x 25 x 17-1/2 inch)
Net Weight:  79 kg (175 lb)
Accessories for bi-amplification: 
5233 Electronic Frequency Dividing Network, single channel;
5234 Electronic Frequency Dividing Network, dual channel;
52-5140 Crossover Card, required for the low frequency transition of the 4343.

Altec Lansing model Nineteen

We,ve done some intense research into speaker performance limits, resulting in rarical new technology in our high frequency drivers ... the radical phase plug, the key to the Nineteen's versatility. This sharp contrast to conventional phase plug design is the innovative force behind the wide-range capability of the Model Nineteen, offering a system providing the ultimate in fullrange response.

If you're looking for extremely low distortio, top power capacity plus extended bandwidth - look no further. The Ninteen offers all of the bandwidth advantages with none of the crossover problems found in many floor-standing three-way systems.

The result: a powerful two-way system with unegualed high-end plus commanding low-end response.

The Nineteen also features a dual-range equalizer designed to allow smooth, gradual equalization, compensating for variations in room acoustics or personal listening tastes.

Its owerwhelming full-range capability and response is aided by an optimally tuned, vented enclosure, the product of more exhaustive investigation, which makes the Nineteen ideal for home listeners who want studio-monitor performance and quality.

And, the Nineteen's beautifully-styled oiled oak or walnut cabinet, hand-rubber and finished on all sides, makes it an integral part of any listening environment.

Altec Studio Monitor Speaker Systems are designed to meet the stringent specifications of extended frequency response, low distortion and wide dynamic range that are required for use in recording and broadcasting studios. The bass loudspeaker produces extended low-frequency response even when driven at exceptionally high power levels. Two frquency adjustnent controls (high and mid-range) are provided to adapt the Studio Monitor Speaker Sysyems to a wide range of acoustic enviroments, including audition rooms, recording studio control room monitoring, mastering and remix rooms, playback and monitoring broadcast studios, auditoriums, theatres, churches, conference rooms and other professional applications.

All of these Studio Monitor Speaker Systems combine excellent overall bandwidth, low distortion, uniform dispersion and extended frequency response. For applications where sensitivity and acoustic output are of major importance, the Model Nineteen should be used.

Frequency Controls

two frequency controls are located on the network/equalizer assembly, behind the grille. When the controls are positioned in the Optimum area of adjustment, a 'flat' frequency response is obtained for most acoustic environments.

When the HF Level control is turned counterclockwise from the Optimum area, the higher frequencies are 'rolled off' or reduced in volume. This enhances the bass and mid-range frequenties.

When the MF level control is turned counteclockwise from the Optimum area, the mid-range frequencies are attenuated, producing a 'dip' in the mid-range portion of the audio spectrum. This enhances the bass and treble frequencies. Turning the control clockwise from the Optimum area enhances the mid-range frequencies.

Maximum range of the two controls is nominaly 14 dB. Upon inspection of the curves , some interaction is seen between the two controls. This control interaction prevents extreme imbalance between mid to high response, and assures minimum phase shift through the crossover network.

SPECIFICATION

SPEAKER COMPONENTS:

LOW FREQUENCY: 15'' bass driver (416-8B)

HIGH FREQUENCY: Radial phase plug, driver mounted to 811B sectoral horn

NOMINAL IMPEDANCE: 8 ohms

CROSSOVER FREQUENCY: 1200 Hz

ENCLOSURE TYPE: Vented

SENSITIVITY (¹):

99 dB SPL (measured with shelving controls set at optimum);

102 dB SPL (measured with shelving controls fully clockwise).

FREQUENCY RESPONSE: 30 Hz to 20 kHz

DISPERSION (²):

105⁰ at -6 dB Horizontal;

105 at -6 dB Vertical.

LONG TERM BROAD BAND MAXIMUM POWER (³): 65 watts (measured with shelving controls set at optimum)

AMPLIFIER OPERATING RANGE (Recommended maximum and minimun amplifier power): 10 watts to 350 watts

LONG TERM MAXIMUM ACOUSTIC OUTPUT (⁴): 117 dB SPL at 65 watts

FINISH: Hand-rubbed, oiled walnut or oak

GRILLE: Acoustically-transparent knit fabric mounted to removable frames

DIMENSIONS (W x H x D): 30" x 39" x 21" with base and grille

WEIGHT:

Net: 64,9 Kg (143 lbs);

Shipping: 72,3 Kg (166 lbs)


(¹) - Measured at 4 feet, 1 watt input, using pink noise which has been limited to a bandwidth of 500 Hz to 3 kHz

(²) - Measured with pink noise limited to a bandwidth of 500 Hz to 8 kHz at a distance of 4 feet

(³) - Measured with a source of pink noise limited to the frequency response bandwidth of the system, over an extended time period

(⁴) - Measured at a distance of 4 feet with a source of pink noise limited to the frequency response bandwidth of the system

Tannoy Westminster TW (1990)

The Westminster TW is a classic horn-loaded design driven by the best in modern Dual Concentric technology. This newly revised loudspeaker is capable of truly outstanding high fidelity reproduction while remaining an imposing and traditional piece of furniture. It is based around the famous 15-inch Tannoy twin-magnet Dual Concentric driver, now with the computer designed Tulip Waveguide for truly extended high frequency performance.

Fine walnut veneers and solid walnut edgings conceal a complex horn-loaded 25 mm particle board cabinet. The horn loading system gives greatly improved efficiency and a large wavefront area approaching that from real instruments. The Westminster TW offers high frequency energy tailoring through high current gold-plated switch blocks with controls for both treble energy and roll-off. Van den Hul wiring is used throughout. Signal handling is via gold-plated terminals with captive link bi-wire/normal wiring and a hard-wired time compensated crossover network. The combination of this closely integrated mid band and single point source guarantees exceptionally realistic stereo imaging.

The Tannoy Westminster TW is effortessly capable of the realistic stereophonic reproduction of truly low frequencies and of the widest dynamic ranges.

Specifications

Power Rating: 125 watt RMS (520 watt peak)

Recommended Amplifier Power: 50 - 200 watt/channel

Sensitivity ( 2,83 V at 1 m): 99 dB

Maximum SPL: 120 dB at 1m for 125 watt RMS (126 dB at 1m for 520 watt peak)

Nominal Impedance: 8 ohm

Minimum Impedance: 5,5 ohm

Frequency Response: 18 Hz - 25 kHz , ±3 dB

Crossover Frequencies:

300 Hz acoustical;

1000 Hz electrical

Crossover Control:

±3 dB over 1 kHz to 25 kHz shelving;

+2 dB to -6 dB per octave over 5 kHz to 25 kHz slope

Crossover Type: 1st order LF; 1st order HF,

Bi-wired, hard-wired, passive, low-loss,time compensated Type 1109

Driver Type: 15-inch Dual Concentric High Compliance Type 3858

Enclosure Type: Compound horn

Enclosure Volume: 521 litre

Dimensions (H x W x D): 1290 x 1030 x 636 mm (1490 x 1080 x 680 mm packed)

Weight: 116 kg complete (132 kg packed)

Enclosure Material: Solid walnut with 25 mm particle board, crossbracing and heavy internal damping

Tannoy Westminster Royal

The Westminster Royal is Tannoy's crowing achievement. This loudspeaker offers a compound horn-loaded enclosure driven by classic Dual Concentric technology. The Westminster Royal sets the standard for low frequency, dynamics and presence that no other system canmatch. This horn-loadedclassics pushes back the limits of loudspeaker design, while remaining a magnificent and timeless piece of furniture.

Based around the Alcomax 3 version of the famous 15-inch Tannoy Dual Concentric the Westminster Royal now features the benefits of signal handling by gold-plated terminals with bi-wire/passive wiring and a hard-wired time compensated crossover network. The Alcomax 3 magnet system gives the Dual Concentric an exceptional transient response and increased sensitivity.

The substantial 530 litre cabinet - clad in fine walnut veneers with solid walnut edgings - conceals a complex horn loading system that gives greatly increased efficiency and a wavefront area approaching that from real instruments. The Westminster Royal is effortlessly capable of the realistic reproduction of truly low frequencies and the widest dynamic range. Van den Hul wiring is used throughout.

Removal of the wood-framed grille with its specially woven cloth, using the ornate scrolled key, revelas an engraved brass plate behind which are the treble energy and roll-off high current switches. The Tannoy Westminster Royal is one of reproducing the dramatic real-world dynamic range of musical instruments without apparent effort.

Specifications

Power Rating: 120 watt RMS (500 watt peak)

Recommended Amplifier Power: 50 - 200 watt/channel

Sensitivity ( 2,83 V at 1 m): 99 dB

Maximum SPL: 120 dB at 1m for 120 watt RMS (126 dB at 1m for 500 watt peak)

Nominal Impedance: 8 ohm

Minimum Impedance: 5,5 ohm

Frequency Response: 18 Hz - 20 kHz , ±3 dB

Crossover Frequencies:

300 Hz acoustical;

1000 Hz electrical

Crossover Control:

±3 dB over 1 kHz to 20 kHz shelving;

+3 dB to -6 dB per octave over 5 kHz to 20 kHz slope

Crossover Type: Bi-wired, hard-wired, passive, low-loss,time compensated Type 1109

Driver Type: 15-inch Dual Concentric High Compliance Type 3889/W

Enclosure Type: Compound horn

Enclosure Volume: 530 litre

Dimensions (H x W x D): 1395 x 980 x 560 mm (1590 x 1080 x 660 mm packed)

Weight: 138 kg complete (154 kg packed)

Enclosure Material: Solid walnut with 25 mm birch ply, crossbracing and very heavy internal damping