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What is stereo?




There are now two system of high fidelity, monophonic (monaural) and stereophonic. Monophonic is a system that starts from one microphone and is fed through a single high fidelity set. Stereophonic is a double system. Two separate microphones are placed at different sides of the orchestra and two different systems are used to keep the two signals or channels separated. Two separate speakers are used, placed on different sides of you room. Stereo is much like 3-D photography, two slightly different sound reach your ears giving you a new dimension in sound.




H.H. Scott '59





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JBL 4430 monitor loudspeakers

Developed to meet the challenge of digital and advanced analog recording technology, the JBL Model 4430 {and Model 4435} represent a significant new approach to two-way studio monitor design. The incorporation of the unique JBL Bi-Radial horn in a monitor loudspeaker provides constant vertical and horizontal polar coverage, control of the reverberant field, flat power response, image stability, and coherent sound. The two models also feature improvements in compression driver, low frequency transducer, and dividing network technology. Both systems exhibit the traditional )BL attributes of wide bandwidth, smooth frequency response, high efficiency, wide dynamic range, and exceptional reliability.

The practical benefits of the Bi-Radial monitors include stable stereo imaging that remains fixed over a wide range of horizontal positions, the result of unusually smooth off-axis response. The design allows considerable latitude in physical placement. The wide vertical response, identical to the horizontal, includes both standing and seated listeners within the coverage angle, even in proximity to the monitors.

 


THE JBL BI-RADIAL HORN

The Models 4430 offer performance levels normally achieved by three- and four-way systems. The key to this performance is the JBL Bi-Radial ™ horn 1 and its integration in a monitor design.

Most horn designs compensate for the failing power response of the compression driver with directivity that increases with frequency. This provides flat axial response, but power response that typically falls by 6 dB per octave from as low as 3 kHz. The resulting decrease in coverage angle (as the frequency increases) gives generally poor control of the reverberant field and (in two-way designs) is not well matched to the coverage angle of the low frequency driver at the crossover frequency. By contrast, the JBL Bi-Radial horn provides constant coverage over its operating bandwidth. Both on-axis and off-axis pressure response are flat, and the vertical coverage angle is identical to the horizontal. This angle is wide, 100° x 100°, but very tightly controlled, and it matches the coverage angle of the low frequency driver at the crossover frequency. Additionally, the horn's rapid flare rate reduces second harmonic distortion, and its reduced depth puts its driver in the same acoustic plane as the low frequency driver. The Bi-Radial monitors present a coherent sound source, with extremely stable stereo imaging over a wide variety of listening positions. The monitors offer a high degree of placement flexibility, and the listening position can be quite close with no loss of stereo imaging.

Equalization of the 4430  will typically be needed only to correct for inherent room anomalies rather than for monitor response. This is the result of uniform frequency response within the coverage angle. The controlled power and polar response of the JBL Bi-Radial monitors effectively removes them from the variables with which a recording engineer must contend.

 

HIGH FREQUENCY COMPRESSION DRIVER

The Bi-Radial horn is coupled to a compression driver which is crossed over at I 000 Hz. The driver features a titanium diaphragm with a three-dimensional diamond-pattern suspension . Developed by JBL, this diamond surround offers an extended frequency response normally associated with exotic materials while retaining ruggedness and high power capacity. The diaphragm is pneumatically drawn to shape to eliminate stresses that cause fatigue, and a phasing plug of concentric exponential horns eliminates phase cancellation.

 

LOW FREQUENCY

The low frequency loudspeakers used in the Bi-Radial l monitors incorporate the latest technology to deliver smooth response, extended bandwidth, and extremely low distortion. The magnetic structures feature JBL's Symmetrical Field Geometry (SFGI design to reduce second harmonic distortion to inconsequential levels. New adhesives technology and coil former construction improve power handling. The coil itself, 100 mm (4 in) in diameter, is fabricated from edge-wound copper ribbon, and operates in a magnetic field having a flux density of 1.2 T (12,000 gauss). The 19 mm(% in) length of the voice coil allows increased linear excursion, and a careful choice of suspension elements helps to completely eliminate dynamic instabilities.

The 4430 differ chiefly in their low frequency capabilities. The 4430 uses a single 380 mm ( 15 in) low frequency driver and is 3 dB down at 32 Hz; it can handle full power input to 27 Hz.  The system is down 3 dB at 27 Hz and will handle full power down to 22 Hz. The systems use similar low frequency drivers, but the cone assemblies.

 


FREQUENCY DIVIDING NETWORK

The frequency dividing network of the Bi-Radial monitors has a crossover frequency of I kHz and a nominal slope of 12 dB per octave. The cut-off slope and shape were chosen to provide the smoothest possible response over the widest bandwidth, restricting any off-axis anomalies to a very narrow portion. JBL has paid considerable attention to both the off-axis response and the total power response, and the network optimizes these parameters. While

the response is smooth at all angles, the flattest response is, by design, on-axis and above. This offers a greater number of listening positions when the system is mounted at or below ear level; for mounting above ear level, the system can be inverted to offer the same advantages. The network also provides equalization of the compression driver. Because the power response of the driver and the Bi-Radial horn is greater in the midrange than at high frequencies, this equalization attenuates the lower end of the compression driver's response, lowering distortion and giving greater dynamic headroom. The equalization is provided in two stages, allowing separate adjustments (via front panel level controls) for the midrange and high frequencies.

A switch located adjacent to the connection terminals allows the monitor to be bi-amplified. A special crossover card is available for the IBL Model 5234A electronic frequency dividing network to provide the appropriate crossover characteristics.

 


Specifications

Frequency Response:  35 Hz - 16,000 kHz ±3 dB

Sensitivity:  93 dB SPL

Efficiency:  1,3%

Dispersion Angle

Horizontal :  100° (+10°; -30°)

Vertical :  100° (+0°, -30°)

Impedance:  8 Ω  nominal

Max. Power Input:  300 W

Continuous Sound Pressure Level:  119 dB

Crossover Frequency:  1,000 Hz

Driver Complement:

Low Frequency :  2235H

Compression Driver :  2425H

Horn :  2344

Enclosure Volume:  0,14m³ (5 cu. Ft)

Resonance Frequency:  34 Hz

Dimensions:  908 x 556 x 400 mm (480 mm deep w/horn)

Weight Net:  26 kg (57 lbs)


 

JBL4425 monitor loudspeakers

Bi-Radial Studio Monitor

The success of the models 4430 and 4435 Bi-radial studio monitor loudspeakers has prompted JBL to introduce a smaller model based on the same principles for use in smaller studios and for a variety of demanding audio production applications.

As in the case of the larger Bi-Radial monitors, the 4425 maintains a 100-degree-by-100-degree coverage pattern from its crossover frequency (1200 Hz) up to 16 kHz. Smooth power response is ensured from the lowest frequencies up to 1200 Hz, and flat power response is maintained above that frequency. At the same time, axial response is remarkably smooth, and the combination of controlled power and axial response ensures that the reflected sound field in the control room will be free of coloration. The model 4425 also addresses the requirement for accurate stereophonic imaging. The mirror imaged pair creates absolutely symmetrical sound fields, and this is the essential requirement for precise imaging. There is no lobbing for normal off-axis listening positions in the horizontal plane, and vertical lobbing is minimized over the preferred listening arc.

The model 4425 can handle program power inputs of 200 watts, more than enough to accommodate the high acoustical levels demanded in critical listening to today's digital recordings.

 

High-Frequency Horn and Driver

The BI-Radial horn used in the model 4425 is a scaled down version of the model 2344 horn used in the 4430 and 4435 monitor loudspeakers. It is made of high-impact structural foam and is acoustically inert. The high-frequency compression driver is a completely new design making use of a computer-machined phasing plug. Tolerances are held to a high degree, and unit-to-unit variation is small. The disphragm assembly is JBL's unique titanium design, with its advantages of extended frequency response relative freedom from mechanical fatigue, and high acoustical output capability. A copper shorting ring plated on the pole piece controls high-frequency impedance and improves high-frequency response.

As is the case with the larger Bi-Radial monitors, the 4425 system maintains precisely aligned phase response over a forty-gegree wide arc in the horizontal plane. The preferred listening arc in the vertical plane is between zero (on-axis) and ten degrees up.

 

Low-Frequency Transducer

A newly designed driver, the model 2214H, is used in the 4425 monitor loudspeaker. This transducer incorporates JBL's symmetrical field geometry (SFG) magnet structure for low distortion. The 76 mm (3-in) voice coil is made of edge-wound copper ribbon wire for highest sensitivity and power handling. The inner suspension of this transducer has been designed to exhibit a progressive increase in restoring force with increasing displacement. This controls dynamic offset for low-frequency, large excursion signals, and results in reduced distortion at low frequencies. A composite coating on the cone optimizes both damping and stiffness, resulting in smoother response and lower distortion.

 


Frequency Dividing Network

In addition to the normal function of frequency division, the network in the 4425 provides power response compensation for the high-frequency drier. Two controls allow the user to contour both mid and high frequencies to match various room characteristics. While the network slopes are 12 dB/octave, the combination of inherent roll-off characteristics in both high- and low-frequency components of the system with the electrical characteristics yields quite rapid transitions in the crossover frequency. Network components are of the most rugged, low-loss type, and high-quality bypass capacitors are placed in parallel with the larger capacitors in the signal path for increased linearity.

 


Specifications

Frequency Response:  40 Hz - 16,000 kHz ±3 dB

Sensitivity:  91 dB SPL

Efficiency:  0,8%

Dispersion Angle

Horizontal :  100° (+10°; -30°)

Vertical :  100° (+0°, -30°)

Impedance:  8 Ω  nominal

Max. Power Input:  200 W

Continuous Sound Pressure Level:  114 dB

Crossover Frequency:  1,200 Hz

Driver Complement:

Low Frequency :  2214H

Compression Driver :  2416H

Horn :  2342

Enclosure Volume:  53,8 l (1,9 cu. Ft.)

Resonance Frequency:  34 Hz

Dimensions:  406 x 635 x 311 mm (375 mm deep w/horn)

Weight Net:  26 kg (57 lbs)


 

JBL 902VX loudspeakers

The Heritage of the Recording Studio

Recording professionals demand the best equipment. Their studio monitors must meet the highest standards of accuracy, controlled dispersion, efficiency, and durability. That's why professionals choose JBL.

In 1978, for instance, 35 of the top 50 albums were recorded, mixed, or mastered on JBL loudspeakers, according to a Recording Institute of America survey.

 


Specifications

Low Frequency:  300 mm ( 12") diameter

Passive Radiator: No

Midrange Frequency: 130 mm (5") diameter

High Frequency:  75 mm (3") diameter

Crossover Frequency:  600 Hz, 3000 Hz

Nominal Impedance:  4 Ω

Sensitivity:  88 dB (SPL at 1m/1W input)

Recommended Amplifier Power Range:  10 - 200 watts continuous sine wave per channel

Dimensions (H x W x D):  699 x 434 x 326 mm ( 27-1/2" x 17-1/16" x 12-3/4")

Weight Net:  20,2 kg (44,5 lb)


 

Mirage MRM-1 loudspeakers

MRM-1 The Monitor

 

Through long term R&D of a series of „cost-object” loudspeakers, a member of Mirage innovations have revolutionized enclosure resonance control, loudspeaker driver response, dispersion and freedom from distortion. The MRM-1 delivers these innovations in a spectacularly beautiful, incredibly compact enclosure.

 


In the MRM-1 the drivers have been chosen for their unique characteristics and powerful capabilities. These optimally designed components could never reach their performance goals in a conventional cabinet. The MRM-1’s enclosure is constructed with a series of alternating proprietary mediums laminated together, culminating in a baffle finished with a nine inch slab totally inert, ultra-dense Corian. The complex contours of the polished baffle are artfully shaped to enhance the driver’s unique dispersion characteristics.

 

Audition a thousand others and you’ll return to MRM-1 again and again. In achieving your dream of physical beauty, deep bass extension, holistic imaging and unparalleled detail,, the technology is only the means. The MRM-1 vividly recreates the original musical event, with every song, every performance … every time.

 


Specifications

System Type: Bass Reflex Monitor

Frequency Response :  40 Hz - 22 kh z ±3 dB

Tweete r: 1” 925 mm) pure metal Hybrid Dome

Woofe r : 5-1/2” (14 cm) Carbon, Graphite & mica Injection Polypropylene Cone with Butyl Surround and I.M. Copolymer Basket.

Front Baffle: Non-defracting Corian

Crossover Point: 1,8 kHz

Room Efficiency: 85 dB

Impedance : 8 Ω  

Required Amp Power : 50 – 150 watts RMS/channel

Inpu t: Gold Plated Cardas Bi-Amp/Bi-Wire terminals

Finish : Black Ash, Cherry or Tigerwood

Dimensions : 331 x 193 x 272 mm (13” x 7-9/16” x 10-7/8”)

Weight : 16 kg (35 lbs)

Genelec 1038A active monitors

 

MONITORS

The Genelec 1038A is a three-way active monitoring system including loudspeaker  drivers,  speaker enclosure, multiple power amplifiers  and  active,  low  signal level  crossovers.  Designed  for medium  sized  control  rooms  this system is ideal for project studios, film  and  video  post-production and  broadcast  monitoring.  CD mastering is also tailored for, where broad bandwidth, high SPL's and extended low frequency response are  essential.  The  1038A  is designed to perform well both as a free-standing monitor and flush mounted into the control room wall. The  unique  Directivity  Control Waveguide  (DCW)  Technology used  provides  excellent  stereo imaging  and  frequency  balance even in difficult acoustic environments. The fast, low distortion  amplifiers  are  capable of  driving  the  stereo  system  to peak  output  levels  in  excess  of 124 dB SPL at 2 m with program signals. Versatile crossover controls allow for precise matching of the speaker system to different acoustic  conditions.  The  system can be used both in vertical and horizontal  orientation  by  simply rotating the DCW unit.

AMPLIFIERS

The  bass,  midrange  and  treble amplifiers  each  produce  400W, 120W  and  120W,  respectively  of short  term  power  with  very  low THD  and  IM  distortion.  Special attention has been paid to electronic  design  to  ensure  the highest  subjective  sound  quality currently  possible.  The  system incorporates  special  circuitry  for drivers overload protection.

Thermal protection is also included for the amplifiers


DRIVERS

The bass frequencies are reproduced  by  a  385  mm  (15") bass  driver  loaded  with  a  110 liters vented box. The -3dB point is  33  Hz  and  the  low  frequency response extends down to 29 Hz (-6  dB). The  midrange  frequencies  are reproduced by a  proprietary 130 mm  (5")  direct  radiating  cone driver  loaded  with  a  DCW.  The high  frequency  driver  is  a  25mm (1") metal dome also loaded by a DCW. A factory-installed magnetic shielding  option  is  available  for applications where magnetic stray field must be minimized

 

 


Specifications

SPL

Short Term (RMS at 1m):  113 dB SPL

Peak per Pair with Music Material:  124 dB SPL at 2m

Drivers

Bass :  8" woofer

Midrange :  5" + DCW

Treble :  1" metal dome tweeter + DCW

Crossover Frequencies:  410 Hz;  3 kHz

Free Field Frequency Response (±2,5 dB):  35 to 20,000 Hz

Amplifier Power/Channel:

Bass :  400 W

Midrange :  120 W

Treble :  120 W

Dimensions (HxWxD):  810 x 480 x 420 mm (31-7/8" x 18-7/8" x 16-9/16")

Weight:  60 kg (130 lb)

B&W Matrix 805 loudspeaakers

MATRIX™ 805

Stand-mount or bookshelf loudspeaker system

From the outset the design brief for the Matrix 805 was to produce a compact loudspeaker in the 800 Series suitable for both stand or shelf mounting - particularly the latter wher the practical size limit is around 10 - 12 liters. Consequently, the size of the Matrix 805 is only one third of the next loudspeaker in the series, the 804. unlike similar sized speakers however, this has not meant sacrificing either efficiency or bass extension, thanks to B&W's sixth-order alignment. In addition many of the lessons learned from the 800 Series have been incorporated into the 805 - not least B&W's pioneering matrix cabineet construction. Other major features include a kevlar coned bass/midrange driver incorporating a 30 mm high-temperature voice coil on a Kapton former and low hysteresis surround for optimum transient performance.

High frequencies are handled by a tim-aligned metal-domed tweeter, adapted from the Matrix 801, which has been mounted on the top of the enclosure, to substantially increase the spaciouness of the sound image. This unit incorporates all the latest advances in materials technology to ensure good power handling and freedom from compression effects - essential for the faithful reproduction of the transient information present in moder digital recordings. Of course, high quality units in themselves are of no advantage if the crossover is not of similar quality. To this end, all the capacitors in the direct high frequency path are of the superior polypropylene type, and onlly heavy duty inductors are used for the low frequency filter. As a final refinement, the high- and low-frequency sections of the crossover are physically separated to minimise component interactions.

 


 Product Summary

The Matrix 805 is the smallest of the Matrix 800 Series, but it has all the technology and characteristics,  clarity, power and performance of the bigger monitors.

The tweeter on top is ferrofluid cooled. The 165mm bass/mid-range driver is a Kevlar® cone.  And as with all the Matrix 800 Series, the drive units use the minimum number of crossover components and the high and low-pass section are physically separated to minimise component crosstalk. The Matrix 805 is a compact, highly sensitive 87 dB shelf or stand-mounted monitor.

As a home Hi-Fi monitor, it is ideal when space is at a premium. As a front or rear channel monitor in a Home Cinema system, the Matrix 805 excels. The entire Matrix 800 Series is.

Acoustically Voice Matched to deliver the same tonal balance. The Matrix 805, used in conjunction with the Matrix 800 ASW and the Matrix HTM will deliver seamless surround sound with depth, power and accuracy. 

 Kevlar®: B&W developed and patented the method of using Kevlar® for loudspeaker cones to reduce unwanted standing waves. DuPont originally reated Kevlar® for use in bulletproof vests.

 Tweeter on top: B&W's Tweeter on top technology ensures that the sound remains focused and time-sensitive and that the stereo-image is presented with unparalleled three dimensional accuracy.

 Matrix: The basic construction of nearly all loudspeakers is exactly the same - panels of wood-based materials, bonded to form a rectangular box. B&W studied and evaluated how each aspect of cabinet behaviour and the efficiency of various materials and construction methods affects sound.

 

Specifications

Type:  2-way vented-box system

Drive Units

High Frequency :  1 x 26 mm metal dome, hightemperatre voice coil and ferrofluid cooling tweeter

Low/Midrange Frequency :  1 x 165 mm Kevlar cone

Frequency Range:  35 Hz - 22 kHz (-6 dB points)

Bass Loading:  Sixth-order Butterworth alignment 42 Hz cut-off

Free-Field Response:

Listening Axis :  45 Hz - 20 kHz ( ±2 dB)

Horizontal ±30° :  ±2 dB to 10 kHz

Vertical ±5° :  ±2 dB to 20 kHz

Frequency Response:  52 Hz - 20 kHz ±3 dB on ref. Axis

Sensitivity:  87 dB spl (2,83 v/1 m)

Distortion (for 90 dB at 1 m):

Second Harmonic : 

20 Hz - 150 Hz :  less than 2,0%

150 Hz - 20 kHz :  less than 1,0%

Third Harmonic:

20 Hz - 150 Hz :  less than 1,5%

150 Hz - 20 kHz :  less than 1,0%

Nominal Impedance:  8 Ω (4 Ω minimum)

Crossover Frequency:  3 kHz

Power Handling:  50 W - 120 W into 8 Ω on unclipped programme

Dimensions (W x H x D):  260 x 407 x 210 mm

Weight:  8,5 kg (18,7 lbs)

Finish:  Balck Ash, Walnut, Rosewood

Grille:  Black Cloth

Yamaha NS-10M


Whether to select a large or a small speaker should not depend so much on size, but rather on whether the small speaker has accurate sound characteristics and sound quality equal to larger speakers.
The new yamaha NS-10M is one small speaker that can deliver great sounds with the best of the bigger speakers - and as such it has dramatically changed the audio world's thinking about small speaker performance.
The sound: all Yamaha. Clear, smooth treble. Solid bass. Luxurious mid-range. So even though this is our smallest speaker, you get sound quality comparable to large floor type speakers and even studio monitors like our outstanding NS-1000Ms. Impressive. To accomplish this, we built some equally impressive features into the NS-10M - precision soft dome tweeter, left-right symmetrical design, all-wood finish, an efficient 90 dB sealed system.

For all its great sound, the NS-10M measures just 382x215x199 mm (15"x8-1/2"x7-7/8"), making it the perfect speaker for areas where you have to compromise on space but refuse to compromise on sound.
Yamaha NS-10M is the audio world's greatest small accomplishment.

Soft dome tweeter for caressing high
One important reason for the NS-10M's big-speaker sound is the use of a 1-3/8" diameter precision soft dome type tweeter. This offers several advantages. First, the dome shape of the diaphragm maximizes the tweeter's dispersion characteristics. Second, the precise softness of the dome absorbs harmful resonance from the diaphragm to produce a natural tone qiality with negligible distortion.
 The diaphragm is uniformly coated with a resilient heat-hardened resin by a special process to obtain the ideal combination of softness and durability. In addition, the accordian-pleated tangential edges are formed as a part of the diaphragm to prevent volume changes due to adhesives.
For a 2-way speaker, the NS-10M features low distortion throughout its entire wide range, together with high sound accuracy and impressive volume, thanks  to the superior performance of this remrkable soft dome tweeter.

Light, White Cone
The lighter the cone, the better its ability to move in response to delicate signals and thus capture the subtle nuances of every sound. This is particularly  true when a sensitive tonearm And cartridge  is being used.
Here, too, the NS-10M excels. Because the NS-10M's 7" woofer incorporates imported wood processed in a special way for optimum response. The cone is a conical straight type for good movement, and weight a mere 1/8 oz (3,7 grams). Consistent sound quality is further  enhanced by more uniform thickness and density of the cone  material by sheet manufacturing. The white cone's lightweight woofer, then, is the second reason for the NS-10M's impressive sound quality.

Sealed Enclosure - promotes Soid Bass
Yhe third reason for the amazing sound depth of the NS-10M is the genuine sealed type construction. With the sealed type air suspension method, the air acts as a spring to control the cone paper by expanding when the cone paper moves out and contracting when it moves in. This gives greater power to the speakers to produce a bigger sound, and the low sounds can be boosted even further through the speaker's tone control. Further, the mechanical resistance of the edged has been minimized to produce superior linearity, expansion of low sounds, and natural tones.
Sealed type construction - it's the best way to build a small speaker. As one listen to the NS-10M's great bass sound will convince you.

High efficiency and power-handling capacity for Vibrant, Powerful reproduction
The NS-10M owes muchof its powerful reproduction performance to a perfect blend of efficiency and power-handling capacity. You get the most out of any amplifier - large or small.
The performance of amplifiers with smaller power output is enhanced by the NS-10M's 90 dB efficiency level, while 50 watt power-handling capacity means that even amps with fairly large output won't cause any breakup or distortion. The balance is just right to fill even large listening areas with clean, unstrained music.

You can choose your system with confidence - the NS-10M brings out the best in any amplifier, with overwhelming sound depth and richness.

Dynamic Power Distribution
The NS-10M's outstanding power response characteristics are another reason behind its great sound. To achieve the optimum response characteristics. Yamaha not only took line measurements of the frequency and efficiency  at the front of the speaker in an anechoic chamber, but also measured the total energy radiated in alll disrections in a reverberation chamber.
As a result the high-efficiency 90 dB response provides incomparable  listening pleasure for speakers of this size.

Low Distortion Silky-Smooth Response
The precision soft dome tweeter  of teh NS-10M is formed as a single unit with the tangential edge, a combination weighhing just 1/50 oz (0,6 gram). A large ferrite magnet is used to produce a strong magnetic field of 14,000 gauss, which, together with thw 1-3/64" (27 mm ) voice coil incorporating heat-resistant copper-clad aluminum wire and the lightweight bobbin, delivers high-resistance input and high efficiency. The outer pole is provided with air holes to allow air to enter and leave for smooth movement of the diaphragm. As a result, the frequency range is an impressive 1,5 - 20,000 Hz, and distortion is low. The directional characteristics are also superb due to the small diameter of the dome.

Bigger Bass Response from a better Woofer
The NS-10M utilizes a sheet-construction white cone to optimize the piston range and cone movement. The 7" diameter conical straight type cone weight only 1/8 oz. Despite its size, sheet construction density and thickness are uniform, and the cone has a supple body for powerful, massive lows. A large ferrite magnet produces a powerful magnetic circuit of 10,800 gauss. And thanks to the use of a voice coil with heat-resistant copper ribon wires wound edgewise and a lightweight voice coil bobbin,  efficiency and high input resistance are superb. A high compliance rolled edge is adopted to minimize the influence of temperature changes, and features high flexibility for graeter response.

Top design crossover
Yamahas's speaker design technology is drawn on fully to ensure unsurpassed music quality. For instance, the entire circuit is designed to minimize distortion and prevent deterioration of transient as they pass through the network. And MP (metalized paper) condenser and top-quality materials are used in the network to ensure sound that will satisfy even the most demanding audiophile.

Perfectly Balanced Sound Symmetry
The NS-10M is the only speaker of its size with the professional left-right symmetrical design. This is not a gimmick - it's the best way to set up a small speaker system to obtain big-speaker sound. By distinctly separating the left and right channels in the speaker sysetem itself, stereo performance is greatly enhanced, so that even if the speakers are on your bookshelf they deliver concert hall sound quality. This high-quality left-right symmetrical design makes the NS-10M decidedly different from other small speakers.

Super-Solid Construction, Super-Solid Sound
The final reason behind the NS-10M's sound superiority is its solid cabinet construction.
The tonal quality of the speaker is greatly influenced by the material used for the cabinet, its thickness and shape, and its acoustic qualities. And for speakers with sealed construction, like the NS-10M, the cabinet must be airtight. For the NS-10M, a special high-strength adhesive is used at all joints to produce a single cabinet of exceptional rigidity. In addition, filling materials have been selected for their acoustics, based on Yamaha's experience in making musical instruments such as pianos and guitars, to skillfully utilize resonance to obtain the greatest projection. The result - a noticable improvement in sound response, density, and presence compared to other small speakers.

Specifications
Speaker Type:  2-way bookshelf
Frequency Response:  50 Hz - 20 kHz
Power Handling Capacity:  25 W continuous, 50 W max
Nominal Impedance:  8 ohms
Sound Pressure Level:  90 dB/W/m
Woffer:  180 mm (7")white cone
Tweeter:  35 mm (1-3/8") soft dome
Crossover Frequency:  2 kHz (12 dB/oct)
Cabinet: real wood, black finish
Dimensions (W x H x D) : 382 x 215 x 199 mm (15"x8-1/2"x7-7/8")
Weight:  6 kg (13 lbs 3 oz)

JBL 4401


Features:
Smooth, accurate response from 70 Hz to 18 kHz (±3 dB)
88 dB SPL 1W/1m (3,3ft)
Components:  170 mm (6-1/2 in) low frequency loudspeaker; 25 mm (1 in) high frequency dome radiator
Oiled walnut enclosure
Optinal steel cradle mount

The most compact of the JBL studio monitors, the 4401 is ideal for use as a main monitor in applications where space is at a premium. The tight driver cluster gives the 4401  outstanding coherency in the near field, making it also an excellent choice for a console-mount secondary monitor.
The 4401 shares the design philosophy of the larger JBL4430 and 4435 monitors, smooth response over a wide coverage angle, with wide dynamic range and clear, open sound. Particular attention has been paid to the design of the dividing network and to the physical placement of the drivers. Each driver is the product of extensive research and testing, and each has been designed for optimum performance in the system.

High Frequency Dome Radiator
Today's recording techniques place a premium on high frequency accuracy and definition, and JBl has designed the 4401's high frequency dome radiator to meet these demands. The dome is formed of a lightweight phenolic material and coated with a microscopiclly thin layer of aluminum through a sophicticated vapor-deposition process. The hard dome construction provides smooth response with higher efficiency  and acoustic output than a comparable soft dome. Additionally, the driver exhibits outstandings linearity over its full operating range - there is virtually no power compression.

Low Frequemcy Driver
The 4401 utilizes a low frequency driver specially designed for optimum performance in a compact enclosure. The 1700 mm  loudspeaker exhibits unusually  smooth frequency response, superior transient response, and extremely low distortion. It features a die-cast aluminum frame for structural integrity under the most adverse operating conditions.

Symmetrical Field Geometry Design
The loudspeaker's magnetic strukture features JBL's unique Symmetrical Field Geometry (SFG) desin to reduce second harmonic distortion to less than one tenth the level found in conventional designs. The cone is of laminated construction to achieve the desired combination of light weight and rigidity. The coating, and exclusive JBL formulation, adds, a precise amount of mass and provides optimum damping characteristic .  Carefully engineered suspension elements reduce DC offsets and an unusually long voice coil allows exceptional excursion linearity.

Frequemncy Dividing network
The sophisticated dividing network contributes significantly to the overall performance of the system. The carefully chosen transition slopes and crossover point provide flat axial response and minimize off-axis variation, so that power response is also smooth. The design allows a more predictable interface of the 4401 qand the studio environment. Stereo imaging also remains stable over a wider area.
 to take full advantage of the inherently excellent transient response of the two drivers. JBL engineers applied a principle typically found only in active high frequency electronics. Polypropylene and polystyrene bypass capacitors are wired in parallel  with the network's larger  Mylar capacitors to reduce the hysteresis effects on the signal. This provides improved resolution of complex transient waveforms.
The network's iron-core and air-core inductors are carefully chosen for their high current capacity and low DC characteristics. A high frequency level control protrudes through the grille for individual adjustments to the spectral balance.
To simplify wall or console mounting, the 4401 may be ordered with optional cradle mounts manufactured of rugged steel.

SPECIFICATIONS
System
Frequency Response: 70 Hz to 18 kHz (±3 dB)
Power Capacity:  60 W
Sensitivity:  88 dB SPL
Nominal Impedance:  8 Ω
Crossover Frequency:  2,500 Hz
Low Frequency Loudspeaker
Nominal Diamater:  170 mm (6-1/2 in)
Voice Coil:  38 mm (1-1/2 in)
Magnetic Assembly Weight:  1,3 kg (3 lb)
Flux Density:  0,95 tesla (9,500 gauss)
Sensitivity:  89 dB SPL
High Frequency Dome radiator
Nominal Diameter:  25 mm (1 in)
Voice Coil:  25 mm (1 in ) copper
Magnetic Assembly Weight:  0,68 kg (1-1/2 lb)
Flux Density:  1,4 tesla (14,000 gauss)
Sensitivity:  89 dB SPL
General
Finish:  Oiled walnut
Grille Color:  Dark blue
Dimensions (W x H x D):  375 x 238 x 183 mm
Weight:  16 kg (shipping)
Optional Equipment:  MC 4401 Speaker Cradle for free standing use or wall mounting

UREI 813


Time Aligned™ Studio Monitor System
Features:
First Time Aligned™ monitor system designed for the professional studio
Features UREI 800 series TA™ network (patentpending)
6048G duplex with UREI custom H.F. horn for extended and more uniform H.F. response
Second L.F. 15" direct radiating driver fed from 3-way TA network for extended L.F. response and higher power handling capability at low frequencies
Graeter than 11,5 cu ft. Enclosure with pressure cotrol aperture for excellent L.F. damping, good efficiency and low distortion.
Unique enclosure damping method provides high efficiency conversion of low frequency aound pressure to adiabatic enrgy.

The 813 Studio Monitor System is the first generation product of a joint R & D effort of UREI and E. M. Long Associates. The Time Align™ Technique is a realtime design method, utilizing proprietary instrumentation developed by Long which allows the driver placements and network parameters to be adjusted simultaneously, achieving near perfect alignment of the frequency components of a complex transient waveform as heard by a listener.

The importance of time (phase) parameters of loudspeaker systems, in addition to smooth frequency response, has been postulated for many years. These group time delay anomalies may be severe in some multi transducer systems, although they may exhibit satisfactory or even excellent frequency response.
For stereo applications the model 813 Studio Monitor System is built in "mirror-image" (813 L, 813 R) to produce identical dispersion towards the listening position between two systems. The series 800 TA networks with the 800H custom H.F. horn, are also available separately in two way and three way configuration for both the 6048G and the 604E.

Specifications
Type:  Dual woofer coaxial with Model *#* three way TA network
Power Rating:  75 watts; 40 Hz to 20 kHz, with pink noise
Frequency Response:  ±3 dB, 40 Hz to 15 kHz measured "freespace" 4 Ï€steradians (H=5m, D=1m)
Sensitivity:  89 dB SPL/1V/1m
Impedance:  8 Ω, nominal (minimum impedance greater than 4 Ω)
Network:  UREI *#*, 3 way
Cabinet:  Utility flat black painted
Dimensions  with Grille (W x H x D):  914 x 787 x 622 mm (36" x 31" x 24,5")
Weight: 79,2 kg (176 pounds)