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What is stereo?




There are now two system of high fidelity, monophonic (monaural) and stereophonic. Monophonic is a system that starts from one microphone and is fed through a single high fidelity set. Stereophonic is a double system. Two separate microphones are placed at different sides of the orchestra and two different systems are used to keep the two signals or channels separated. Two separate speakers are used, placed on different sides of you room. Stereo is much like 3-D photography, two slightly different sound reach your ears giving you a new dimension in sound.




H.H. Scott '59





Dual CS-510 turntable

The new Dual model 510 meets the need of that special breed of audiophile who prefers to handle the tonearm himself. At the same time, the 510 tonearm provides important automatic features that we believe even the most sure-handed music lover will appreciate.
When the tonearm is raised from its resting post and moved toward the record, there's no need to guess when it is precisely over the lead-in groove; a mechanical sensor lets you know for both 12" and 7" records. The tonearm then will not descend until the cue-control lever is actuated. You don't even have to remember to set the cue-control in the up position (it automatically resets at the end of play)
All this is achieved by the 510's unique indexing indicator which is interlocked with the cue-control. However, if you don't want this help, you can simply switch the system off.
There are two other touches of automation. Moving the tonearm toward the record turns on the drive system. At the end of play, the tonearm lifts and the motor shuts off.
In all other respects, the 510 is essentially the same as other full-sized Dual models.
The tonearm is mounted in a newly designed four-point gimbal suspension. It is vernier-adjustable for precise balance; tracking pressure is calibrated in tenths of a gram for use with the most advanced cartridges; anti-skating is separately calibrated for conical, elliptical and CD-4 styli
The dynamically-balanced cast platter is linked to an 8-pole synchronous motor through a precision-ground belt. Pitch is variable over a 6% range (a semitone) and can be conveniently set to exact speed by means of a built-in illuminated strobe, read directly off the rim of the platter.
Features of Dual 510:
Tonearm pivots in both axes within four-point gimbal
The 510 tonearm pivots horizontally and vertically an identical sets of low-friction needle-point bearings. Each gimbal is hand-assembled, and special gauges assure that each will conform to Dual's stringent specificaations. For example, vertica; friction must measure no more than seven thousandths of a gram or that gimbal will not pass quality control
Stylus pressure applied around pivot maintans dynamic tonearm balance
A long flat spring coiled around the pivot applies constant stylus pressure throughout play. Only a small portion of the spring's length is used, thus maintaining accurate pressure from 0,25 gram up. Tonearm balance is maintained throughout play, and stylus pressure remains perpendicular to the record even if the turntable is tilted.
8-pole synchronous motor, precision-ground belt drive and dynamically-balanced platter.
The 510 belt-drive system features a specially developed 8-pole synchronous motor that achieves high starting torque and exceptionally smooth, vibration-free rotation.
The precision-ground belt serves three functions with ingenious simplicity; it acts as the speed reduction system; rotates the platter; and isolates it  from any residual motor vibration.
The full-size, 2-inch platter is a one-piece aluminum casting individually machined and then monitored for perfect balance using computer-controlled gauges.

Specifications:
Drive:  Dual eight pole synchronous motor via precision flat belt on turntable platter
Start-up Time:  2 s at 33/1-3 rpm (until nominal speed is reached)
Platter: non-magnetic, detachable,
Weight:  1,3 kg
Diameter:  300 mm
Platter Speeds:  3-1/3 and 45 rpm
Pitch Control Variation:  for 33-1/3 and 45 rpm records, adjustment range of approx. 1 semi-tone (approx. 6%) at both platter speeds
Speed Control:  with illuminated stroboscope for platter speed 33-1/3 rpm
Sensitivity of Stroboscopic Light for 0,1% Speed Variation:
3 locating marks/min at 50 Hz
3,6 locating marks/min at 60 Hz
Wow and Flutter:  less than ±0,08% (according to DIN 45 507)
Rumble (DIN 45 500)
Unweighted :  better than 42 dB
Weighted :  better than 63 dB
Tonearm:  Torsion- resistant tubular aluminium tonearm in four point gimbal
Effective Lenght of Tonearm:  222 mm
Offset Angle:  25° 20'
Tangential Tracking Error:  0,16°/cm
Tonearm Bearing Friction (related to stylus tip):
Vertical :  less than 0,07 mN (0,007 p)
Horizontal :  less than 0,16 mN (0,016 p)
Stylus pressure:
From 0 - 30 mN ( 0 - 3 g) infinitely variable with 1 mN ( 1/10 g) calibrations
From 0 - 15 mN (0 - 1,5 g) operable from 5 mN ( 0,5 g) stylus pressure up
Cartridge Holder:  Removable accepting any cartridge with 1/2" mounting and weight form 5,5 to 10 g (including mounting hardware)
Adjustable Overhang:  5 mm
Power Requirements:  110 - 130 V or 220 - 240 V (switchable), AC 50/60 Hz
Power Consumption: approx. 10 Watts
Dimensions (W x H x D):  420 x 148 x 365 mm
Weight:  4,3 kg