What is stereo?




There are now two system of high fidelity, monophonic (monaural) and stereophonic. Monophonic is a system that starts from one microphone and is fed through a single high fidelity set. Stereophonic is a double system. Two separate microphones are placed at different sides of the orchestra and two different systems are used to keep the two signals or channels separated. Two separate speakers are used, placed on different sides of you room. Stereo is much like 3-D photography, two slightly different sound reach your ears giving you a new dimension in sound.




H.H. Scott '59





SIgnet TK33 headphones

Electret Condenser Stereophones

The time has finally arrived when stereophones can assume their rightful importance as essential elements in critical high fidelity systems. And the same standards of excellence normally applied to other prime components can now be applied to these transducer.

Whether you inted your stereo phones for critical monitoring of live recordings, private listening where loudspeakers might intrude, binaural broadcasts and recordings, or simply to enjoy them for their own virtues as superb reproducers, their quality should not compromise the rest of your music system.

While the bulk of stereo listening has traditionally employed loudspeakers, stereophones now offer the potential for performance that can actually exceed that of loudspeakers in every essential respect. Stereophones have an advantage, of course, since they need not move a roomful of air, not overcome awkward acoustic conditions. By providing linear response at the ears, with full dynamic range, stereophones can be the reproducer of choice to fully enjoy the subtle delights of a well-engineered direct-to-disc recording. And recent experiments in binaural sound are predicted on stereophone listening exclusively.

While others may consider stereophones as an accessory, at Signet, we prefer to thing of them as an alternative listening technique. Just as viable as loudspeakers, and with advantages of their own. And until you experience Signet stereophone listening, you may not be aware of the clarity, transparency, response, and freedom from distortion that can be achieved. These advantages stem from two essential attributes of the Signet concept; advanced knowledge of transducer design, and uncompromising standards of performance.

 


Specifications

Type:  Dipolar Electret Condenser Headphones

Frequency Response:  10 - 22,500 Hz ±2 dB, 20-20,000 Hz

Sensitivity (1 kHz, 0 dB = 0,0002 µBar):  100 dB at 1 V

Total Harmonic Distortion:  01% (at 110 dB SPL)

Matching Impedance:  4 - 16

Ear pads:  Porous Vinyl

Cord:  2,5 m (8,2 ft) with special plug

Weight

Without Cord :  210 grams (7,4 oz)

With Cord :  275 grams (9,7 oz)

Diaphragm:  2 microns thick, high-compliance film

Voice Coil:  40 micron Silver-copper self-supporting

Impedance Matching Adapter

Dimensions (H x W x D):  140 x 60 x 220 mm (5,5" x 2,4" x 8,7")

Adapter Weight:  1620 grams (4 lbs)

Adapter Cable:  1,2 m (3,9 ft) 4 conductor


 

Signet TK22 headphones

Moving Coil Dynamic Sterophones

Like other Signet products, Signet Stereophones are created in our electroacoustic laboratory. Assembly is painstaking, quantities are limited, testing is rigorous. And the standards reflect the highest technology available. There are but two Signet models; a moving coil dynamic and an electret condenser. Both benefit from the resources of one of the largest transducer manufacturers in the world. Yet each is also the product of a small group of skilled and dedicated specialists, the Signet Group.

 

Specifications

Type:  Moving Coil Dynamic Headphones

Frequency Response; 20 - 20,,, Hz

Sensitivity (1 kHz, 0 dB = 0,0002 µBar):  96 dB at 1 mW

Total Harmonic Distortion:  0,4% (at 110 dB SPL)

Matching Impedance:  4 - 16

Ear pads:  Fabric-covered Foam

Cord:  3,5 m (11-1/2 ft) with 1/4" stereo phone plug

Weight

Without Cord :  205 grams (7,2 oz)

With Cord :  260 grams (9,2 oz)

Diaphragm:  20 microns thick, Polyester dome

Voice Coil:  40 micron Silver-copper self-supporting


 

Audiostatic ES-100 loudspeakers

 

The Audiostatic Philosophy

Be it from a piano string, clarinet reed, drum skin or vocal chord; the beginning, middle and end of any sound is vibration, making high-fidelity sound reproduction a trickly proposition. In the recording process, you are starting with a sound source such as a violin string, which vibrates at a certain primary frequency of cycles per second, yet alos creates a variety of secondary frequencies or harmonics. This vibration pressurizes the nearby air, producing sound waves that cause objects in the vicinity to vibrate in unison. If these objects are sensitive devices such as microphones, containing a single responsive membrane capable of matching all of the primary and secondary vibrations of the source, a coherent translation of acoustic energy into electric energy can be made.

Ideally, the translation in playback from electric to acoustic energy should be exactly the reverse of the recording method. That is, the end of the playback chain should be a single, coherent membrane that acts as a microphone in reverse, capable of matching the vibrations of the original instrument and exciting the eardrums to move in unison.

Conventional, planar and ribbon two-way or three-way cross-over-type speakers do not behave like either the microphone or the original sound source. They attempt to divide the source into two or three separate vibration sources, reuniting them in mid-air. This results in a lack of coherency or faithfulness to the original sound, simply because a vibrating violin string does not break itself into two or three separate frequency elements and then reintegrate these separate frequencies in mid-air at the microphone.

 

An Audiostatic electrostatic speaker is a device that works essentially as a microphone in reverse. It uses no crossovers to artifically create a frequency division which did not exist in the source,  and because its moving mass is so much lighter than conventional, planar and ribbon speakers, it is capable of the very fast acceleration and deceleration necessary to keep up with the complexity of the original sound.

 

The Audiostatic ES 100 Series

Audiostatic ES 100 series are pure full range electrostatics. The heart of each Audiostatic electrostatic loudspeaker is the multi suspension (US patent 4105877) electrostatic element with ultra low mass membrane.

To prevent even the smallest irriqularities in sound, the frames of the ES 100 series are of a solid, 35 mm thick m.d.f. construction. There is no sound-degrading obstruction like grille cloth between the loudspeaker membrane and the listener's ear. Only computer grade electronic components are used, with polypropylene capacitors in the sound path. Massive 18 crt. Goldplated terminals are standard, accepting every possible loudspeaker cable. Finish is in beautiful spekled lacquer, available in 16 colors without extra charge.

 

The Audiostatic Modular Design

Bipolar full range electrostatic need careful room matchment to insure optimum reproduction of low frequencies. For this reason the ES 100 can be extended with the SW 100 electrostatic subwoofer, to achieve the best possible results in larger rooms.

The SW 100 simply can be switched in parallel with the ES 100, without dropping the overal impedance below 4 ohms.

 


Specifications

Frequency Range:  35 Hz - 22,000 Hz

Sensitivity:  86 dB 1W/1m

Impedance:  8  minimum

Recommended Amplifier:  50 - 250 watts (8 )

AC Input:  220 Volts (12 volts U.S.)

Suitable for rooms:  18 - 50 mq.

Dimensions:  1880 x 350 x 35 mm

Weight:  23 kg

Roksan Darius loudspeakers


 Originally designed to monitor the performance of the Xerxes record player, the principles learnt in its construction have been employed in other loudspeakers in the Roksan range.

Darius tackles the fundamental questions of what a loudspeaker is and what can be achieved from a stereo reproduction system.

A loudspeaker moves the air of the room with reference to some fixed point. With stereo, two fixed points are used. If the two reference points are in turn allowed to move, the intimate detail of the musicians performance is lost, the emotion reduced, and the picture or illusion of the sound stage is blurred and fore shortened. With a Darius loudspeaker system, the necessary steps are taken to ensure that the reference points are immutable.

 

The cabinet of the Darius is one inch thick and internally cross-braced to ensure rigidity, reducing the flexure of the panels. One of the braces has a dual function; it passes directly behind the bass driver and allows this unit to be clamped from both the front and back accurately fixing its position within the cabinet.

The cabinet is then located in an exoskeleton stand, that clamps the cabinet at eight carefully selected nodal points. The stand ensures that the Darius is rigidly held in position within the room. With the bass driver accurately located, the problem then becomes one of mounting the tweeter so that it is immune from the vibrations being produced by the bass unit.

 

The tweeter has its own dedicated mini-baffle which is suspended on four springs from the rest of the enclosure. This affords complete isolation from the rest of the cabinet. Vibrations from the bass driver cannot interfere with the tweeter's operation.

With both drive units now fixed, the reference points are well defined and the result is an exceptionally clear sound and realistic three dimensional sound stage.

The Darius loudspeaker system has the crossover external to the cabinets so that the system can be extended by adding Darius sub woofers and active amplification.

 


Cabinets are available in a wide choice of real wood; Black ash, walnut, teak, oak, rosewood and black piano lacquer finishes.

Dimensions

Darius :  470 x 265 x 405 mm

Stand ;  965 x 445 x 330 mm

Crossover :  280 x 275 x 60 mm

Paradigm Titan loudspeakers


 You only get what you pay for. Right? Well, not always. Paradigm, the leader in speaker performance / value, has done the impossible - made a speaker system that is an absolute audiophile delight for an incredible $ … the Titan.

What does it take to built the finest speaker at this price? Quite simply, better design execution and better materials. So, rather than typical inferior cone-type tweeters, the Titan uses a wide-dispersion dome tweeter complete with high-temperature voice-coil, aluminum former and ferrofluid damping and cooling. Instead of lesser paper-cone-type woofers, the Titan woofer uses a polypropylene cone with a high compliance suspension, high-temperature voice-coil and kapton former. Add to this a seamless dividing network and the results are outstanding. Musical, three-dimensional, the Titan offers performance that belies its astonishing low price.

You won't find Paradigm speakers everywhere. Product this good requires the expertise of a qualified audio specialist.

Jamo CBR 200 loudspeakers


 

Jamo  Center Bass Reflex Digital Monitor 200

 

Specifications

System:  3-way CBR

Driver Unit:

Bass :  260 mm (10") in dual magnet

Midrange :  127 mm (5")

Treble :  25 mm (1") Dome

Rated Power: 200 W (300 W music)

Operating Power (96 dB/1m) :  2,1 W

Sensitivity (1W/1 m):  92 dB

Frequency Range:  28 - 24,000 Hz

Crossover Frequency:  540 / 3,800 Hz

Impedance:  4 - 8

Total Volume:  87 litre (3 cu ft)

Sound Pressure Control:  Treble

Overload Protection:  Treble Unit

Dimensions (H x W x D):  820 x 400 x 350 mm (32-1/4" x 15-3/4" x 13-3/4")

Weight:  25 kg (53 lbs)

Jamo CBR 120 loudspeakers


 

Jamo  Center Bass Reflex Digital Monitor

 

Specifications

System:  3-way CBR

Driver Unit:

Bass :  205 mm (8")

Midrange :  105 mm (4")

Treble :  25 mm (1") Dome

Rated Power: 120 W (180 W music)

Operating Power (96 dB/1m) :  2,7 W

Sensitivity (1W/1 m):  91,2 dB

Frequency Range:  30 - 22,000 Hz

Crossover Frequency:  820 / 4,900 Hz

Impedance:  4 - 8

Total Volume:  56 litre (2 cu ft)

Sound Pressure Control:  Treble

Overload Protection:  Treble Unit

Dimensions (H x W x D):  700 x 350 x 300 mm (27-1/2" x 13-3/4" x 11-3/4")

Weight:  17 kg (37,5 lbs)

Jamo Digital 90 CBR loudspeakers

 

Jamo  Center Bass Reflex Digital Monitor

Specifications

System:  3-way CBR

Driver Unit:

Bass :  165 mm (6-1/2")

Midrange :  105 mm (4")

Treble :  25 mm (1") Dome

Rated Power: 90 W (130 W music)

Operating Power (96 dB/1m) :  3,4 W

Sensitivity (1W/1 m):  90 dB

Frequency Range:  35 - 20,000 Hz

Crossover Frequency:  960 / 5,000 Hz

Impedance:  4 - 8

Total Volume:  34 litre (1,2 cu ft)

Sound Pressure Control:  Treble

Overload Protection:  Treble Unit

Dimensions (H x W x D):  600 x 300 x 250 mm (23-1/2" x 11-3/4" x 9-1/4")

Weight:  11 kg (24 lbs)

Jamo Digital 70 CBR loudspeakers


 Jamo Center Bass Reflex Digital Monitor

 

Specifications

System:  3-way CBR

Driver Unit:

Bass :  141 mm (5-1/4")

Midrange :  75 mm (3")

Treble :  25 mm (1") Dome

Rated Power: 70 W (100 W music)

Operating Power (96 dB/1m) :  3,7 W

Sensitivity (1W/1 m):  89 dB

Frequency Range:  40 - 20,000 Hz

Crossover Frequency:  1,200 / 4,600 Hz

Impedance:  4 - 8

Total Volume:  20 litre (0,7 cu ft)

Overload ProtectionŁ  Treble UNit

Dimensions (H x W x D):  480 x 240 x 150 mm (19" x 9-1/2" x 6")

Weight:  7 kg (15,4 lbs)

Hafler DH-101 preamplifier

The Hafler DH-101 is the control center of your high fidelity system. 

Its extremely low distortion and noise level provides very accurate control of the following functions:

Preamplification and equalization for such sources as tape recorders, tuners, and the like;

Control of tonal balance of all signals;

Adjustment of volume level and balance;

Switching facilities for all signal sources;

Tape copying facilities and monitoring capability while tape recording.

Special features:

Lowest distortion from phono input to preamp output

Extraordinary pulse and square wave response

Widest power bandwidth

Highest phono input acceptance level  - 1,8 volts at 20 kzh

High slew rate both phono section and tone control stage

Fast rise time

Human engineered with self-indicating push buttons

All discrete transistors, no ICs in audio circuits

Tape dubbing facilities

Provision for internal moving coil pre-preamp

Sub-sonic filter meets latest RIAA standard

Easiest kit construction

No cartridge interaction

Precision RIAA equalization all push pull design

Regulated power supply

International power transformer

Complete tape record, monitor, and duplicate facilities

Feedback tone controls with defeat switch

Prefabricated and pretested circuit modules carry all components, operating controls, and switches

Finest quality components including tantalum capacitors and film resistors where useful

Provision for patching external equipment such as a noise reduction unit or graphic equalizer

 

 


Specifications

Phono Preamp Section

Type:  Discrete transistor (No integrated circuits)

Rated Output:  3 volts, 10 Hz to 100 kHz

Max. Output:  7 volts, 20 Hz to 20 kHz

Total Harmonic Distortion :  less than 0,0006% at 1 kHz and 3 volts out

Slew Rate: 12 volts per microsecond

Phono Overload:  180 mV at 1 kHz ; 1,8 V at 20 kHz

Phono Cartridge Interaction at 20 kHz:  Unmeasureable

Hum and Noise:  86 dB below 10 mV, 1khz input (A weighted)

Frequency Response:  complies with RIAA sepcification 40 Hz to 15 kHz ±0,5 dB

Hi-pass Filter:  In accordance with proposed RIAA revision

Gain:  34 dB at 1 kHz

Input impedance:  47 k  in paralel with 250 pf

Tone Control Section and High Level Amplifier

Type:  Discrete transistor (no integrated circuits)

Rated Output:  3 volts 10 Hz to 100 kHz

Max. Output:  7 volts, 10 Hz to 100 kHz

Total Harmonic Distortion less than 0,001%, 20 Hz to 20 kHz at rated output

Slew Rate:  12 volts per microsceond

Rise Time:  2 microseconds

Hum and Noise:  90 dB below 1 volt (A weighted)

Frequency Response:  20 Hz to 20,000 Hz +0 dB,  -0.25 dB

Gain:  20 dB ±1 dB

Input Impedance: better than 25 k  

Bass Control: 

Type:  Moving Inflection with variable turnover frequency

Amount:  ±12 dB at 50 Hz

Treble Control:

Type:  shelving with fixed turnover frequency

Amount;  ±10 dB at 20 kHz

General Specifications

Semiconductors:  28 Transistors; 4 Diodes; 1 LED; 2 ICs power supply regulators

Inputs:  Two phono, tuner, auxiliary; two tape recorders

Outputs:  Two tape (buffered) and one profram

Provision for patching in external equipment

Controls: Volume, balance, bias, trebl, tape dubbing, input switching, mono-stereo, tone control engage, power on-off

Intermodulation Distortion:  at normal levels of operation, IMD, whether SMPTE or CCIF, from phono iput to preamplifier output is below the residual of currently available instruments

AC Convenience Outlets:  2 switched; 5 amp continuous, 72 amp surge; 2 unswitched, 5 amp continuous

Power Requirements:  AC 100/120/200/220/240 50/60 Hz

Power Consumption:  3,5 watts

Dimensions (W x H x D):  350 x 82,5 x 215 mm (13,75" x 3,25" x 8,5")

Weight: 3,6 kg (8 lbs )


 

Electro-Voice Sentry 100A loudspeakers


 The Electro-Voice Sentry 100A monitor speaker system is the direct result of "human engineering" with the broadcast/recording studio engineer in mind. Our product engineers' non-nonsense design efforts have culminated in a system that speaks to the needs of professionals with specific requirements, high efficiency with extended low-frequency range, uniform frequency response and dispersion, all in a compact, no-frills package.

The Sentry 100A employs a Super-Dome tweeter capable of handling 25 watts of input power (most tweeter operate in the 5 watt range), while faithfully reproducing the program material with response out to 18,000 Hz and uniform dispersion (120° at 5,000 Hz ). No longer will accidental high-frequency blasts from tape head contact in rewind / fast-forward mode result in a curl of smoke where a tweeter used to be. The low-frequency section is an 8" direct radiator woofer installed in an optimally vented enclosure with fourth-order Butterworth tuning. The optimally vented design is responsible for the unusual combination of small size, extended bass response, and high efficiency. Such performance is simply not available in other enclosure of similar size.

The Sentry 100A is housed in a utility cabinet wrapped in a special, scratch-resistant, mattle black vinyl. The cabinet size is intentionally designed for rack mounting. The steel-reinforced grille is covered with a custom grey cloth. This provides maximum protection, acoustic transparency and pleasing esthetic quality.

 

Loudspeaker response Due To The Acoustical Environment

Several factors must be considered when determining the overall response of a speaker system in any listening environment. Physical characteristics of the room itself, and placement of speakers and listener can have considerable effect on SPL capability, perceived and/or measured frequency response, and stereo imaging.

 

As pointed out in several texts on room acoustics, as the source-listener distance increases, the sound pressure level (SPL) decreases, in the direct field as a steady rate (inverse square law; 6 dB drop for every doubling of distance) until a certain distance is reached. This point is often called the critical distance . Beyond this point, the SPL approaches a constant value (the reverberation field). The listening position in the sound field determines the amount of acoustic power output of the speaker system needed to produce a certain sound pressure level at the engineer's ears. Generally speaking, the amount of power output needed from the speaker/amplifier system decreases as the room becomes smaller and/or more reverberant (shorter critical distance). In most cases, the audio engineer will be working well within the direct field. If indeed this is the case, the amplifier power requirement is entirely dependent on the loss in SPL due to inverse square law.

Th elow frequency response of the overall system can be adversely affected by poor placement of the monitor speakers themselves. The Sentry 100A was designed for 1/4 to 1/2 space use. This requires that the speaker system be mounted as close as possible to floor/ceiling and/or wall surfaces. Placement in loose cavities or resonant mountings can also seriously degrade the overall response.

 


Specifications:

Frequency Response:  45 - 18,000 Hz ±3 dB

Half-Space Reference Efficiency:  0,6%

Dispersion Angle

Horizontal : 

250 - 6,300 Hz (158 ° ±32°); 

8,000 - 20,000 Hz (55° ±18°)

Vertical :

250 - 6,300 Hz (140° ±40°)

8,000 - 20,000 Hz (52° ±13°)

Maximum Midband Acoustic Output Power:  0,18 watt

Crossover Frequency:  2,000 Hz

Sound Pressure Level (at 1m/1W):  91 dB

EIA Sensitivity Rating:  41,8 dB

Long-Term Average Power Handling Capacity:  300 watts

Short-term Power Handling Capacity:  300 watts

Nominal Impedance:  6

Minimum Impedance:  4,5

Optional Accessory:  SRB-7 rack mount / wall-mount bracket

Dimensions (W x H x D):  305 x 438 x 282 mm (12" x 17,25" x 11,126")

Weight:  12m7 kg (28 lb)

Denon DP-50F turntable

Model DP-50F has fundamentally the same mechanism as that of the DP40F. It is an automatic record player equipped with the phono motor of higher performance to attain the rotational characteristics equivalent to that of the state-of-the-art. Manual record player, and at the same time, the operational flexibility is further improved.

 


Newly developed electronically servo controlled tonearm truthful to the will of the listener

DP50F is equipped with a new mechanism of electronically servo controlled tonearm, the fruit of all Denon's servo technology. Without ever touching the tonearm, most delicate operation can be accomplished; you can select the program, or get the head of a band with ease and accuracy smoothly and without a touch of doubt.

The mechanism is, when the position selector on the front panel is turned, the special MC type angular control motor is servo controlled, and the arm can be smoothly moved to any optional point on the record disc. Furthermore, as this auto mechanism is of non-contact type, the sensitivity of the tonearm itself is not affected at all. No trickly movement results even if the arm is touched while it is being moved.

 

Convenient self-illuminating push button memorizing the record size for the convenience of the listener.

The DP50F is equipped with one-touch push button to handle locating the program head of 30 cm/17 cm record disc as well as with the positions selector. Just press one of the self-illuminating record selecting switches and than the Start switch. The tonearm moves smoothly to the position of the disc size selected and starts playing. No need to operate the position selector, quick and accurate record playing can be enjoyed.

This operation is easy to release. Just turn the locate switch On (self-illuminating type with the orange lamp to prevent misoperation). With this switch, yuo can accomplish the free operation of the position selector just as with the DP40F.

 


Specifications

Drive System:  Direct-drive by AC servo-motor

Speeds:  33-⅓ and 45 rpm

Wow and Flutter:  0,015% WRMS

Rumble:  less than -75 dB (DIN B)

Rise Time:  less than 1,5 sec, to reach 33-⅓ rpm

Platter:  Casted aluminum, 300 mm diameter

Motor:  AC servo motor

Speed Control System:  Speed servo control by frequency detection system combined with phase control system with reference to the quartz crystal oscillator.

Tonerarm

Type:  S-shaped, static balance type with dynamically damped system

Automatic Mechanism:  Electronically servo controlled

Effective Lenght:  244 mm

Stylus Force Range:  0 - 2,5 g/rotation; 0,1 g direct reading

Acceptable Weight of Cartridge:  15 - 21 g (including shell)

Headshell:  Impact molded rigid light metal, 9 g (net)

Output Cord:  Low capacitance cord. Approx. 1,2 m

General

Separate Step-Down Power Transformer:

Input:  AC 117, 220, 240 V 50/60 Hz

Output AC 100 V, 50  VA

Weight: approx. 2,9 kg

Power Requirements: AC 100 V 50/60 Hz

Power Consumption:  19 W

Dimensions (W x H x D):  493 x 438 x 160 mm

Weight:  12 kg