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What is stereo?




There are now two system of high fidelity, monophonic (monaural) and stereophonic. Monophonic is a system that starts from one microphone and is fed through a single high fidelity set. Stereophonic is a double system. Two separate microphones are placed at different sides of the orchestra and two different systems are used to keep the two signals or channels separated. Two separate speakers are used, placed on different sides of you room. Stereo is much like 3-D photography, two slightly different sound reach your ears giving you a new dimension in sound.




H.H. Scott '59





Pioneer TX-9100

 An advanced professional AM/FM stereo tuner, with unique P.L.L. MPX circuit, dual-gate MOS type FETs in the FM front end, and outstanding performance.
The TX-9100 is Pioneer's finest tuner, a stereo achievement designed to significantly reduce the distance between your music listening room and broadcast stations. Offering what is certainly one of the finest FM sensitivity ratings ever built-in to a tuner, the TX-9100 is an incomparable blend of solid state circuitry and design, the most advanced unit of its kind available today at any price. 
 The TX-9100 employs a 5-gang variable capacitor and low-noise dual-gate MOS-type FETs in its FM front end, resulting in a 1,5 µV (IHF) sensitivity, Pioneer has employed "phase-linear" ceramic filters in the IF section, coupled with a 6-stage limiter by monolithic Ics with differential amplifiers. All of this circuitry results in a 90 dB (IHF) selectivity charactereistic, as well as improved phase characteristics and signal-to-noise ratio of 75 dB. Capture ratio is also distinctive, measured at 1 dB (IHF).
 Performance characteristics aside, the TX-91000 is a superb example of the application of advanced circuitry to music enjoyment. Its new-dimensional PLL (Phase Lock Loop) multiplex-circuit improves the multiplex function considerably and is based on an entirely new principle. Since the coils and capacitors of the conventional 19 kHz and 38 kHz resonance circuits is immensely durable, reliability and stability are assured. There is also a special PNS (Pulse Noise Suppressor) built-in to the TX-9100 that cancels irritating pulse noise such as automobile or motorcycle ignition noise. But more than any one thing, excellent sensitivity stands together with excellent rejection characteristics. And what this means is the finest performance ever offered by a tuner, under all common, and some uncommon, operating circumstances.
 Special Features:
Outstanding FM Front-End section with Dual-Gate MOS FETs, 5-Gang variable capacitor and two-stage RF amplifiers.
Phase-Linear ceramic filters in the FM IF section for excellent selectivity and phase characteristics.
Local oscillator with buffer circuit.
6-stage limiter in FM IF section with all-stage differential monolithic ICs.
New dimensional Phase Lock Loop (PLL) MPX circuit.
Sharp low-pass filter that cancels carrier leaks.
Two-step FM muting switch.
Double action FM muting with reed relay.
Pulse Noise Suppressor.
Signal strength meter with excellent linearity.
MPX Noise filter.
Multipath output terminals.
AM tuner section with 3-gang variable capacitor and resonance type one-stage RF amplifier.
High-Performance AM IC.
Independent AM, FM output level controls.
Headphone output jack provided.
Smooth tuning mechanism.
Specifications
FM Section
Circuitry:  3 MOS FETs; 2-stage RF amplifier;  5-gang variable capacitor; 6-stage limiter; PLL MPX circuit
Usable Sensitivity (IHF):  1,5 µV
Capture Ratio (IHF):  1 dB
Selectivity (IHF):  90 dB
Signal-to-Noise Ratio:  75 dB
Image Rejection ((8 MHz):  more than 110 dB
IF Rejection (98 MHz):  110 dB
Spurious Rejection:  more than 110 dB
AM Suppression:  65 dB
Harmonic Distortion:
Mono :  less than 0,2%
Stereo :  less than 0,3%
Frequency Response:
20 Hz to 15 kHz (+0,2 dB -2,0 dB)
50 Hz to 10 kHz (+0,2 dB -0,5 dB)
Stereo Separation:
More than 40 dB at 1 kHz;
More tha 30 dB at 50 Hz - 10 kHz
Subcarrier Suppression:  65 dB
Antenna Input:  300 Ω balanced; 75 Ω unbalanced
Muting:  2-step level switch
MPXNoise Filter:  On-Off
AM Section
Circuitry:  1-stage RF amplifier; 3-gang variable capacitor;
Sensitivity:  300 µV/m (IHF, ferrite antenna); 15 µV (IHF)
Selectivity:  40 dB
Signal-to-Noise Ratio:  50 dB
Image Rejection:  more than 65 dB
IF Rejection:  more than 85 dB
Antenna:  Built-in ferrite loopstick antenna
Audio Section
Output Level/Impedance:
Fixed :  650 mV/4,7 k Ω
Variable :  70 mV to 2 V / 300 Ω
Headphone :  150 mV (8 Ω)
Semiconductors:  6 FETs;  9 ICs;  34 Transistor;  26 Diodes
Power Requirements :  120 V 60 Hz (USA, Canada) or 110, 120, 130, 220, 240 V (switchable) 50/60 Hz
Power Consumption:  30 watts
AC Outlet:  1 unswitched
Dimensions (W x H x D):  430 x 138 x 345 mm (16-15/16" x 5-7/1" x 13-19/32")
Weight:  8,9 kg (19 lb 10 oz) net