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What is stereo?




There are now two system of high fidelity, monophonic (monaural) and stereophonic. Monophonic is a system that starts from one microphone and is fed through a single high fidelity set. Stereophonic is a double system. Two separate microphones are placed at different sides of the orchestra and two different systems are used to keep the two signals or channels separated. Two separate speakers are used, placed on different sides of you room. Stereo is much like 3-D photography, two slightly different sound reach your ears giving you a new dimension in sound.




H.H. Scott '59





Onkyo TX-4500

 The Onkyo Quartz-Locked Receiver, compare it against every known receiver. You'll see there's no comparsion.
Quartz-Locked technology is a dramatic breakthrough in automatic drift-free and virtually distortion-free FM reception.
There are no buttons to push, no switches to throw, nothing extra to do to lock in a signal. Once a station is tuned in, it's locked in. Quartz-Locked in. And any factor which can cause tuner drift is automatically compensated for so the TX-4500 assuresconstant pinpoint FM reception, maximum channel separation and minimum distortion.
But that's only the FM story. There's virtually nothing you can't accomplish with the TX-4500.
Flawless programs come off records and tapes. Or use the TX-4500 to make your own tapes. Or mix your own programs with multiple tape inputs and dubbing.
 The TX-4500 does it all. Rated according to FTC specs, the TX-4500 delivers 55 watts minimum RMS per channel, both channels driven into 8 ohms over a 20 Hz to 20 kHz spectrum, showing less than 0,1% THD.
In addition, the TX-4500 also evidences exceptional transient response, the ability of an amplifier to follow sudden changes in the level of sound signals. Dual oscilloscope traces, with  a 50 Hz square wave fed through, have shown less than a 5% tilt.  Generally, conventional amplifiers under the same conditions have shown a 25-50% tilt.
The onkyo Quartz-Locked Receiver offers one more important advantage - outstanding value for superior performance.
 Quartz-Locked Tuning Creates A New Degree of Tuning Accuracy
In a radical departure from conventional FM tuner design principles, Onkyo engineering has created a quartz oscillator controlled circuitry for the most accurate station tuning possible. A superbly stable frequancy is generated in a quartz oscillator, and this unvarying frequency becomes the reference for the tuned stages of the FM circuits. Even the slightest deviation from ideal tuning condition is detected instantly and compensated automatically, assuring razor-sharp tuning and minimum distortion at all times.
Automatic "Human Touch Sensor"
As you touch the tuning knob, a special sensor circuit detects your touch and relases the above-named quartz lock. Then, after you have tuned in another station and relased the knob, the quartz circuit lokcs again. You need not even tune in a station very preciselly, as the quartz lock will automatically compensate for tuning errors.
Enormous Reserve of Output Power
The ultra-moder, all direct coupled amplifier section delivers 55 W of clean Onkyo power per channel into 8 ohms, over the entire frequency range from 20 Hz to 20 kHz, with both channels driven, at no more than 0,1% THD. In practical terms, this means that you heve a tremendous reserve of power available to handle even sustained high volume levels and signal peaks without driving the amplifier into clipping distortion.

Total Control Over What You Hear and How

In addition to the standard balance, high and low filter, mode and loudness controls, the TX-4500 features click-stop volume and tone controls giving accurately reproducible settings. Its FM Muting Lock switch eliminates inter-station noise on FM, and its Dolby Adaptor switch establishes the correct (25 µsec) deemphasis for Dolby processed FM broadcasts.

 Prepared for Future System Expansions
The TX-4500 can serve as the heart of an astounding, elaborate audio system for home and professional uses. It can drive three pairs of speakers, can accommodate two turntables and three tape dekcs, a Dolby noise reduction adaptor, and FM 4-channel decoder for areas with 4-channel FM broadcasting, and it can even be adapte for such advanced applications as equalizer, multi-amplifier and P.A. system. The TX-4500, in other words, know few limits.

Massive, Modernistic Styling
Technological excellence inside has its counterpart in the solid looking external appearance with its protruding glass panel and heavy battery of controls.
Specifications
Amplifier Sections
Power Output:
65 watts per channel (min. RMS, 4 Ω both channel driven, 20-20,000 Hz, 0,1% THD)
55 watts per channel (min. RMS, 8 Ω both channel driven, 20-20,000 Hz, 0,1% THD)
Total Harmonic Distortion:  0,1% at rated power ( 0,08% at 1 watts output)
IM Distortion:  0,3% at rated power (0,1% at 1 watts output)
Damping Factor: 50 (8 Ω, 1 kHz 10 watts)
Frequency response:  15 - 30,000 Hz (±1 dB) / 2 - 80,000 Hz (±1 dB at main amplifier)
Tilt (sag):  better than 5% at 50 Hz
Sensitivity and Impedance:
Phono 1, 2 :  2,5 mV/ 50 k Ω
Tape Play 1, 2, 3 :  150 mV/50 k Ω
Tape Rec 1, 2, 3 :  150 mV/50 k Ω
Dolby Out :  150 mV/50 k Ω
Dolby In :  580 mV/50 k Ω
Pre Out :  1 V/ 3 k Ω
Main In :  1 V/100 k Ω
Phono Overload:  200 mV RMS 1 kHz 0,1%
Bass Control :  ±10 dB at 100 Hz
Treble Control:  ±10 dB at 10 kHz
Signal-to-Noise Ratio:
Phono :  65 dB (IHF C Network)
Tape :  80 dB (IHF C Network)
Filters:
High :  6 kHz at 6 dB/oct
Low :  100 Hz at 6 dB / oct
Tuner Section
Tuning Range:
FM :  88 - 108 kHz
AM :  530 - 1605 kHz
Usable Sensitivity FM:
Mono :  1,8 µV (10,3 dBf)
Stereo :  5 µV (19,2 dBf)
50 dB Quieting Sensitivity FM:
Mono :  4 µV (17,2 dBf)
Stereo :  40 µV (37,2 dBf)
Intermediate Frequency:
FM :  10,7 MHz
AM : 455 kHz
Capture Ratio FM:  1,5 dB
Image Rejection Ratio:
FM :  70 dB
AM :  40 dB
IF rejection Ratio:
FM : 100 dB
 AM :  40 dB
Signal-to-Noise Ratio:
FM [mono/stereo] :  70 dB / 65 dB
AM :  40 dB
Alternate Channel Att. FM :  70 dB
AM Suppression Ratio FM:  50 dB
Harmonic Distortion FM:
Mono :  0,2%
Stereo :  0,4%
Harmonic Distortion AM:  0,8%
Frequency Response FM:  30-15,000 Hz +0,5 -2 dB
Stereo Separation FM:  40 dB at 1 kHz (30 dB at 100-10,000 Hz)
Muting Level FM :  4 µV (17,2 dBf)
Stereo Lamp Level FM :  4 µV (17,2 dBf)
Quartz Lock level FM :  4 µV (17,2 dBf)
Tuning Meters:  signal Strength and Center Tuning
Antennas:
FM :  300 Ω balanced or 75 Ω unbalanced
AM :  Built in ferrite core antenna and external terminal
Semiconductors:  1 FET; 70 Transistors, 8 ICs; 59 Diodes
Power Supply:  120 V or 220 V 50/60 Hz
Dimensions (W x H x D):  583 x 163 x 430 mm (21-3/16" x 6-7/16" x 16-15/16")
Weight:  16,6 kg (36,5 lbs)

Cabinet:  Walnut grained vinyl over lauan plywood